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41.
Ground and surface water contamination resulting from the leakage of crude oil and refined petroleum products is a serious and growing environmental problem throughout the world. Consequently, a study of the use of electrochemical treatment in the clean-up was undertaken with the aim of reducing the water contamination by aromatic pollutants to more acceptable levels. In the experiments described, water contamination by refined petroleum products was simulated under laboratory conditions. Electrochemical treatment, using aluminium electrodes, has been optimised by full factorial design and surface response analysis in term of BTEX and PAHs removal and energy consumption. The optimal conditions of pH, current density, electrolysis time, electrolyte type, and electrolyte concentration have then been applied in the treatment of real water samples which were monitored as petroleum contaminated samples. Treatment results have shown that electrochemical methods could achieve the concentration of these pollutants to undetectable levels in particular groundwater and surface water, hence, they can be highly effective in the remediation of water contaminated by aromatic hydrocarbons, and the use of these processes is therefore recommended. 相似文献
42.
Hashem Md. Abul Hasan Md. Anik Momen Md. Abdul Payel Sofia Hasan Mehedi Shaikh Md. Zillur Rahaman 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31278-31292
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The regular practice of using sodium chloride to preserve raw animal skin triggers increasing salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the surface... 相似文献
43.
Muhammad Nadeem Zafar Abdul Wahid Muhammad Afzal Ghauri Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Farooq Anwar 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):422-433
This investigation describes the use of specially cultivated, nonliving biomass of Trichoderma harzianum as a biosorbent for the batch removal of Pb(II) from a stirred system under different experimental conditions. The metal removal depended upon pH, sorbent particle size, initial Pb(II) concentration, shaking speed, and sorption time. The optimal experimental conditions for the removal of Pb(II) by T. harzianum with an initial metal concentration of 100 mg L?1 were obtained at a particle size of 53 μm, a pH of 4.5, a shaking speed of 200 rpm, and a contact time of 720 min. The results were analyzed in terms of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second-order model fitted well in the data. T. harzianum proved to be a good biomaterial for accumulating Pb(II) from aqueous solutions (q = 460 mg g?1). 相似文献
44.
Dadashpoor Hashem Panahi Hossein 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):13628-13649
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Spatial simulation of land-use change scenarios in metropolitan areas is essential for analyzing both the causes and consequences of various future... 相似文献
45.
Hammami Mohammad Bakri Alaa Mohammed Eman Qasem Hashem Anas Mohammad Al-Khafaji Mina Amer Alqahtani Fatima Alzaabi Shaikha Dash Nihar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20626-20633
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the industrial revolution in the 1800s, plastic pollution is becoming a global reality. This study aims to assess knowledge and attitude about... 相似文献
46.
Shah MH Iqbal J Shaheen N Khan N Choudhary MA Akhter G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1243-1252
Selected trace metals were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the water and soil samples collected from the remote
region of Himalaya. The soil samples were analysed for soluble and acid extractable fraction of trace metals. In water samples,
Ca, Na, Mg and K emerged as dominant contributors, whereas, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe and Pb were estimated at comparatively higher
levels in the water extract of the soil. In case of acid extract of the soil samples, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Mn and Na were found
at elevated concentrations. Based on mean levels of the metals, following decreasing concentration order was observed in water
samples: Ca > Na > Mg > K > Pb > Co > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Fe > Cd > Li, however, in the acid extract of the soil, following
order was noted: Ca > K > Fe > Mg > Mn > Na > Pb > Zn > Cr > Li > Cu > Co > Cd. The correlation study revealed appreciably
diverse mutual relationships of trace metals in the water and soil samples. The multivariate cluster analyses exhibited divergent
apportionment of trace metals in water and soil samples. Among the trace metals, Cd, Pb, Li, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Co exhibited
extreme to significant anthropogenic enrichment in the soil samples, while the rest of the metals were mostly contributed
by the natural processes. 相似文献
47.
Daanish Mustafa Giovanna Gioli Manzoor Memon Meher Noshirwani Iffat Idris Nadeem Ahmed 《Disasters》2019,43(2):311-335
This paper reflects critically on the results of a vulnerability assessment process at the household and community scale using a quantitative vulnerabilities and capacities index. It validates a methodology for a social vulnerability assessment at the local scale in 62 villages across four agro‐ecological/livelihood zones in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The study finds that the move from vulnerability narratives to numbers improves the comparability and communicational strength of the concept. The depth and nuance of vulnerability, however, can be realised only by a return to narrative. Caution is needed, therefore: the index can be used in conjunction with qualitative assessments, but not instead of them. More substantively, the results show that vulnerability is more a function of historico‐political economic factors and cultural ethos than any biophysical changes wrought by climate. The emerging gendered vulnerability picture revealed extremes of poverty and a lack of capacity to cope with contemporary environmental and social stresses. 相似文献
48.
Ahmad Tasneem Nazar Sonaina Ahmad Kafeel Khan Zafar Iqbal Bashir Humayun Ashfaq Asma Munir Mudasra Munir Zunaira Hussain Khadim Alkahtani Jawaher Elshikh Mohamed Soliman Nadeem Muhammad Malik Ifra Saleem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29117-29117
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13137-9 相似文献
49.
"Novel" brominated flame retardants in Belgian and UK indoor dust: implications for human exposure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Concentrations of several “novel” brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) are reported in indoor dust samples from Belgian houses (n = 39) and offices (n = 6) and from day-care centers and schools in the West Midlands of the UK (n = 36). Using a GC-ECNI/MS method, the following NBFRs were quantified: decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) (range <20-2470 ng g−1), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) (range <0.5-1740 ng g−1), tetrabromobisphenol A-bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) (TBBPA-DBPE) (range <20-9960 ng g−1), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) (range <2-436 ng g−1) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) (range <2-6175 ng g−1). Hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO), another NBFR, was below the detection limit of 2 ng g−1 dust in all dust samples. No correlation was detected between concentrations of NBFRs and PBDEs. The ratio of TBB:TBPH in the dust samples ranged from 0.01 to 4.77 (average 0.42), compared to the ratio present in the commercial flame retardant product FM 550 (TBB:TBPH = 4:1). Furthermore, no correlation was detected between concentrations in dust of TBB and TBPH. This may suggest different sources of these NBFRs, or similar sources but compound-specific differences in their indoor fate and transport. Exposure via dust ingestion was estimated for both adults and toddlers under low-end (5th percentile), typical (median), and high-end (95th percentile concentrations) scenarios. These were calculated assuming 100% absorption of intake dust and using mean dust ingestion (adults = 20 mg d−1; for toddlers = 50 mg d−1) and high dust ingestion (adults = 50 mg d−1; for toddlers = 200 mg d−1). Typical exposure with high dust ingestion estimates for adults were 0.01, 0.2, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.08 ng kg−1 bw d−1 and for toddlers 0.05, 1.9, 0.08, 0.4 and 1.12 ng kg−1 bw d−1 for BTBPE, DBDPE, TBB, TBPH and TBBPA-DBPE, respectively. Our results showed that, similar to PBDEs, toddlers have higher exposure to NBFRs than adults. This study documents the presence of NBFRs in indoor environments, and emphasizes the need to evaluate the health implications of exposure to such chemicals. 相似文献
50.
Md. Abul Hashem Md. Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal Nil Ratan Mondal Md. Aminur Rahman 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(3):501-506
Heavy metals in the environment may be toxic for human and animals. Tanneries are a source of pollution by heavy metals. There is little information on heavy metals pollution in tanneries, especially on metals produced by the process of hair burning and liming. Liming is the first stage of chemical treatment where animal hair or wool is removed with sodium sulphide and calcium oxide. Here we studied cow, goat, buffalo and sheep hair, conventional liming agents and liming wastewaters from several sources. Samples were acid-digested and aliquots were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy following APHA standard method to measure concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, zinc, manganese and iron. Results show that the range of metal contents in hair or wool and liming agents are 1.3–8.2 mg/kg for arsenic, 0.02–21.8 mg/kg for lead, 17.7–121.0 mg/kg for manganese, 7.3–141.1 mg/kg for zinc and 119.6–10613.8 mg/kg for iron. Liming wastewaters contain 1.9–5.6 µg/L arsenic, 0.03–6.05 µg/L lead, 38.6–139.0 µg/L manganese, 144.0–171.5 µg/L zinc and 399.5–1069.0 µg/L iron. Cadmium was below detection limits. This is the first investigation that reveals that hair burning liming operation is a potential source of heavy metals in the environment. 相似文献