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101.
Aleksandra Wilk Elżbieta Kalisińska Danuta I. Kosik-Bogacka Maciej Romanowski Jacek Różański Kazimierz Ciechanowski Marcin Słojewski Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(4):889-899
Heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) act as nephrotoxic agents, particularly in the renal cortex. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg in kidneys removed from patients due to lesions of various etiologies and from patients after the rejection of transplanted kidneys. Additionally, we determined the influence of selected biological and environmental factors on the concentrations of toxic metals. The study material consisted of kidneys with tumor lesions (n = 27), without tumors (n = 7) and its extracted grafts (n = 10) obtained from patients belongs to the north-western areas of Poland. The determined metal concentrations in the renal cortex and medulla may be arranged in the following descending order: Cd > Pb > Hg. The highest concentrations of Cd and Hg were found in the cortex, while the maximum content Pb was observed in the medulla. Significant correlations were found in the concentrations of the same metals between cortex and medulla and between Pb and Hg in the renal medulla. Pb content was higher in the renal medulla of men than in the cortex of the elderly (above 60 years of age). The highest concentrations of Pb and Hg were found in the cortex and medulla, of the kidneys had not neoplastic changes, and lower content of these metals were found in the extracted kidney grafts. In summary, renal grafts accumulate less heavy metals than cancerous kidneys, what could have been caused by immunosuppressors taken by the graft recipients. Moreover, sex, age and smoking are key factors responsible for xenobiotics concentrations. 相似文献
102.
Tatiana G. Volova Natalia O. Zhila Olga N. Vinogradova Elena D. Nikolaeva Evgeniy G. Kiselev Anna A. Shumilova 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(2):113-125
Polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] has been used as a matrix in slow-release formulations of the herbicide metribuzin (MET). Physical P(3HB)/MET mixtures in the form of solutions, powders, and emulsions were used to construct different metribuzin formulations (films, granules, pellets, and microparticles). SEM, X-Ray, and DSC proved the stability of these formulations incubated in sterile water in vitro for long periods of time (up to 49 days). Metribuzin release from the polymer matrix has been also studied. By varying the shape of formulations (microparticles, granules, films, and pellets), we were able to control the release time of metribuzin, increasing or decreasing it. 相似文献
103.
The unique observations and experiences of users of suburban natural areas lead them to perceive their surroundings in a manner
associated with their personal values. It follows that every individual has a unique cognitive decision-making structure.
This paper examines users’ affective and cognitive evaluation of a particular suburban natural area by applying the means-end
chain method to reveal the cognitive mechanism by which users link the attributes and benefits of an environmental public
good with their own personal values. Analysis of a survey conducted of visitors to a Spanish suburban natural area (park)
reveals the main attributes to be the opportunity to practice sports and proximity of the park and the main potential benefits
to be the improvement of physical and psychological well-being. The desired personal values include fun, quality of life and
self-fulfillment at the individual level and improved social relationships at the collective level. The paper also tests for
cross-group, cognitive-structure differences in visitor groups, segmented by level of satisfaction and reported range of emotions,
and finds that perceived physical and psychological health improvements and individual and social awareness increase with
higher levels of satisfaction and emotional response. Therefore, the recommendations for natural area management suggested
by these findings include enhancing the scenic beauty and peacefulness of suburban natural areas in order to improve the affective
state of visitors because this could contribute to reducing social costs (including health care) within the area of influence
of the natural area. 相似文献
104.
Corporate social responsibility in the mining industry: Perspectives from stakeholder groups in Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Since the liberalisation of its investment regime in the 1990s, Argentina has seen a rise in foreign direct investment into large-scale exploration and exploitation of mineral resources. However, many social groups (local communities, grassroots movement and the church) often strongly oppose new mining projects on the grounds of environmental, ethical and economic concerns. In a situation marked by widespread conflict, mining companies continue operating and develop Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives which are often promoted as a means of contributing to the sustainability and development of the nation. The paper develops a framework to highlight how the principles of stakeholder theory could be used as conceptual and practical guidance for conflict-resolution oriented CSR policies. The framework is further used to analyse two case studies of conflictive mining projects in Argentina. The paper explores how key stakeholders perceive contribution of CSR to welfare and the socio-economic development of mining communities and sustainable development of the nation. It demonstrates that institutional and social stakeholder networks often strongly oppose the idea of voluntary self-regulation implied by CSR in situations characterised by weak governance. Even though the CSR of companies could be improved in areas of corporate communication, transparency, stakeholder engagement and dialogue, it is not seen as a panacea for the social conflicts in the sector. 相似文献
105.
Natalia Valero Inmaculada Aguilera Sabrina Llop Ana Esplugues Audrey de Nazelle Ferran Ballester Jordi Sunyer 《Environment international》2009,35(8):1196-1201
Determinants of outdoor, indoor and personal concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were assessed in a subset of pregnant women of the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) Study. Home indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations were measured during 48 h with passive samplers for 50 and 58 women from the INMA cohorts of Valencia and Sabadell, respectively. Women from Sabadell also carried personal NO2 samplers during the same period. Data on time–activity patterns, socio-economic characteristics, and environmental exposures were obtained through questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict NO2 levels.In Valencia, median outdoor NO2 levels (42 µg/m3) were higher than median indoor levels (36 µg/m3). In Sabadell, personal NO2 showed the highest median levels (40 µg/m3), followed by indoor (32 µg/m3) and outdoor (29 µg/m3) levels. Personal exposure to NO2 correlated best with the indoor NO2 levels. Temporal and traffic-related variables were significant predictors for outdoor NO2 levels. Thirty-two percent of the indoor NO2 variability in the two cohorts was explained by outdoor NO2 levels and the use of the gas appliances. The model for personal exposure accounted for 59% of the variance in NO2 levels in Sabadell with four predictor variables (outdoor and indoor NO2 levels, time spent in outdoor environments and time exposed to a gas cooker). No significant association was found between personal or indoor NO2 levels and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home.Personal NO2 levels were found to be strongly influenced by indoor NO2 concentrations. The study supports the use of time–activity patterns along with indoor measurements to predict personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution. 相似文献
106.
Natalia Villota Luis M. Camarero Jose M. Lomas Jonatan Perez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12208-12216
Turbidity presented by phenol solutions oxidized with Fenton reagent shows the tendency of a first order intermediate kinetics. Thus, turbidity can be considered a representative parameter of the presence of intermediate oxidation species, which are generated along the decomposition of toxic and reluctant contaminants, such as phenol. Moreover, that parameter presents a linear dependence with the catalyst dosage, but is also determined by the initial contaminant load. When analyzing the oxidation mechanism of phenol, it is found that the maximum turbidity occurs when the treatment is carried out at oxidant to phenol molar ratios R?=?4.0. These oxidation conditions correspond to the presence of a reaction mixture mainly composed of dihydroxylated rings, precursors of the muconic acid formation. The oxidation via “para” comprises the formation reactions of charge transfer complexes (quinhydrone), between the para-dihydroxylated intermediates (hydroquinone) and the para-substituted quinones (p-benzoquinone), which are quite unstable and reactive species, quickly decomposed into hydroxyhydroquinones. Working with oxidant ratios up to R?=?6.0, the maximum observed value of turbidity in the oxidized solutions is kept almost constant. It is found that, in these conditions, the pyrogallol formation is maximal, what is generated through the degradation of ortho-species (catechol and ortho-benzoquinone) and meta-substituted (resorcinol). Operating with ratios over R?=?6.0, these intermediates are decomposed into biodegradable acids, generating lower turbidity in the solution. Then, the residual turbidity is a function of the molar ratio of the ferrous ions vs. moles of oxidant utilized in the essays, that lets to estimate the stoichiometric dosage of catalyst as 20 mg/L at pH?=?3.0, whereas operating in stoichiometric conditions, R?=?14.0, the residual turbidity of water results almost null. 相似文献
107.
Francesco Testa Paolo Grappio Natalia M. Gusmerotti Fabio Iraldo Marco Frey 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(1):197-219
Green public procurement (GPP) promises great potential for improving the environmental impact of many public organizations. However, the effects this instrument will have in the near future are unclear as there is little evidence on its exact level of engagement. This study thus aims to analyze the contents of tenders in terms of green criteria by specifically focusing on the building and construction sector. A total of 164 Italian public tenders were analyzed according to a protocol of analysis based on the GPP toolkit developed by the European Commission. Starting from a content analysis used in previous studies, a complete list of green criteria was developed in order to investigate their prevalence in the sample selected, with the aim of exploring their frequency, distribution and correlation. The results revealed a limited use of green criteria, which were mainly included as technical specifications and award criteria, thus shedding light on the difficulties that procurers are experiencing in the implementation of GPP practices. Several suggestions for policy makers and managers are identified for a better and faster implementation of green public procurement tools and methods. 相似文献
108.
Morales-Caselles C Jiménez-Tenorio N Riba I Sarasquete C DelValls TA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):211-220
Sediments in the National Park of the Atlantic Islands (Galicia, Spain) were affected by the spill of the tanker Prestige (November, 2002) and still present high levels of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The adverse effects associated with the
contaminants in sediments were tested using a chronic bioassay, exposing juveniles of the fish Sparus aurata (seabream). A toxicokinetic approach is proposed to evaluate sediment quality by linking chemical and ecotoxicological data
along the time. Sediment samples were physicochemically characterized and the concentration of contaminants (Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons – PAHs – and metals) was measured. Fishes were exposed to contaminated sediments, and samples from different
tissues were collected every 15 days throughout the 60 days that lasted the experiment. A biomarker of exposure (ethoxyresorufin
O-deethylase activity – EROD activity) and a biomarker of effect (histopathology) were analyzed during the exposure period.
Results show a relationship between the biomarkers and the concentrations in sediments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—PAHs.
Besides, the toxicokinetic approach links biomarkers response providing information about the relationship between the detoxification
process and the damages observed in the different tissues. The frequency of the histological damage is highest when the EROD
activity slightly decreases in accordance with the mechanism of detoxification of this enzymatic system against PAHs and other
organic contaminants. 相似文献
109.
110.
Arévalo-Jaramillo Paulina Idrobo Alicia Salcedo Lorena Cabrera Andrea Vintimilla Andrea Carrión Mayra Bailon-Moscoso Natalia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24911-24921
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Toxicity refers to the potential of a substance such as a pesticide to cause damage to the structure or functions of an exposed organism. Pesticides... 相似文献