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21.
Chakrabortty Rabin Pal Subodh Chandra Arabameri Alireza Ngo Phuong Thao Thi Chowdhuri Indrajit Roy Paramita Malik Sadhan Das Biswajit 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(3):3558-3559
Environment, Development and Sustainability - 相似文献
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Cong Li Jian Zhang Shuang Liang Huu Hao Ngo Wenshan Guo Yingying Zhang Yina Zou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5353-5360
Despite the many benefits of denitrifying phosphorus removal process, the significant generation of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, remains a problem for this innovative and promising process. To better understand and more effectively control N2O generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the main causes of N2O generation, based on which the control measures were subsequently proposed. The results showed that N2O generation accounted for 0.41 % of the total nitrogen removal in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, whereas, in contrast, almost no N2O was generated in conventional denitrification process. It was further demonstrated that the weak competition of N2O reductase for electrons and the high nitrite accumulation were the two main causes for N2O generation, evidenced by N2O production and reduction rates under different conditions. Accordingly, the reduction of N2O generation was successfully achieved via two control measures: (1) the use of continuous nitrate addition reducing N2O generation by around 91.4 % and (2) the use of propionate as the carbon source reducing N2O generation by around 69.8 %. 相似文献
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Maternal serum markers for trisomy 21 screening (MSS) can be assayed in women ≥35 years in an attempt to reduce the need for invasive procedures and thereby avoid their side effects. Our objective was to compare, in women ≥35, eight different software packages dedicated to second trimester MSS, thus providing reliable data for patient counselling. A simulation study was carried out on 189 sera from women with Down syndrome fetuses and 11 962 sera from mothers of unaffected babies. The first step was to estimate the joint distribution of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG). The second step was to calculate trisomy 21 detection and false-positive rates for each software according to maternal age (35–45 years), using the usual 1:250 risk threshold. Agreement between software packages was measured using 2×2 kappa coefficients. Detection rates and false-positive rates increased with maternal age. Depending on the software, 57–71% detection rates were achieved at 35 years with 12–18% false-positive rates. At 45 years, 61–100% detection rates were achieved with 66–95% false-positive rates. Up to 39 years, all softwares were concordant (kappa coefficients >0.75). In the range 35–45 years, false-positive and detection rates increased substantially with maternal age and differences between software packages are observed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
26.
An inventory of volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions is an important tool for the management of ground-level ozone pollution. This paper has two broad aims: it illustrates the potential of a geographic information system (GIS) for enhancing an existing spatially-aggregated, anthropogenic emissions inventory (EI) for Tucson, AZ, and it discusses the ozone-specific management implications of the resulting spatially-disaggregated EI. The main GIS-related methods include calculating emissions for specific features, spatially disaggregating region-wide emissions totals for area sources, and adding emissions from various point sources. In addition, temporal allocation factors enable the addition of a multi-temporal component to the inventory. The resulting inventory reveals that on-road motor vehicles account for approximately 50% of VOC and NOx emissions annually. On-road motor vehicles and residential wood combustion are the largest VOC sources in the summer and winter months, respectively. On-road motor vehicles are always the largest NOx sources. The most noticeable weekday vs. weekend VOC emissions differences are triggered by increased residential wood combustion and increased lawn and garden equipment use on weekends. Concerning the EI's uncertainties and errors, on-road mobile, construction equipment, and lawn and garden equipment are identified as sources in the most need of further investigation. Overall, the EIs spatial component increases its utility as a management tool, which might involve visualization-driven analyses and air quality modeling. 相似文献
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Nguyen Can Trong Nguyen Diep Thi Hong Phan Diem Kieu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):12056-12066
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization induces shifts in surface environmental factors, including impervious surface expansion, green space loss, and temperature increase in... 相似文献
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Ngo Thanh Huy Van Dieu-Anh Tran Hoai Le Nakada Norihide Tanaka Hiroaki Huynh Trung Hai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):12082-12091
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluated the occurrence of PPCPs in Cau River (Vietnam). Surface water and sediment samples were collected to determine PPCP... 相似文献
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The effects of powdered activated carbon(PAC) addition on sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties in a dynamic membrane bioreactor(DMBR) were investigated to explore the enhancement mechanism of pollutants removal and filtration performance. Sludge properties were analyzed through various analytical measurements. The results showed that the improved sludge aggregation ability and the evolution of microbial communities affected sludge morphology in PAC-DMBR, as evidenced by the formation of large, regularly shaped and strengthened sludge flocs. The modifications of sludge characteristics promoted the formation process and filtration flux of the dynamic membrane(DM) layer. Additionally, PAC addition did not exert very significant influence on the propagation of eukaryotes(protists and metazoans)and microbial metabolic activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that adding PAC improved the bacterial diversity in activated sludge, as PAC addition brought about additional microenvironment in the form of biological PAC(BPAC), which promoted the enrichment of Acinetobacter(13.9%), Comamonas(2.9%), Flavobacterium(0.31%) and Pseudomonas(0.62%), all contributing to sludge flocs formation and several(such as Acinetobacter) capable of biodegrading relatively complex organics. Therefore, PAC addition could favorably modify sludge properties from various aspects and thus enhance the DMBR performance. 相似文献
30.
Long Ngo Louise M. Ryan Maura Mezzetti Frédéric Y. Bois Thomas J. Smith 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2011,18(1):131-146
In a study of 133 volunteer subjects, demographic, physiologic and pharmacokinetic data through exposure to 1,3-Butadiene
(BD) were collected in order to estimate the percentage of BD concentration metabolized at steady state, and to determine
whether this percentage varies across gender, racial, and age groups. During the 20 min of continuous exposure to 2 parts
per million (ppm) of BD, five measurements of exhaled concentration were made on each subject. In the following 40 min washout
period, another five measurements were collected. A Bayesian hierarchical compartmental physiologically-based pharmacokinetic
model (PKPB) was used. Using prior information on the model parameters, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation was conducted
to obtain posterior distributions. The overall estimate of the mean percent of BD metabolized at steady state was 12.7% (95%
credible interval: 7.7–17.8%). There was no significant difference in gender with males having a mean of 13.5%, and females
12.3%. Among the racial groups, Hispanic (13.9%), White (13.0%), Asian (12.1%), and Black (10.9%), the significant difference
came from the difference between Black and Hispanic with a 95% credible interval from −5.63 to −0.30%. Those older than 30 years
had a mean of 12.2% versus 12.9% for the younger group; although this was not a statistically significant difference. Given
a constant inhalation input of 2 ppm, at steady state, the overall mean exhaled concentration was estimated to be 1.75ppm
(95% credible interval: 1.64–1.84). An equivalent parameter, first-order metabolic rate constant, was also estimated and found
to be consistent with the percent of BD metabolized at steady state across gender, race, and age strata. 相似文献