有毒物质对水生态系统效应研究的进展

本文总结了近年来有毒物质对水生态系统的生态效应研究现状及发展趋势,提出了今后测定有毒物质生态效应应该注意的问题。     

D301树脂对三原色派拉丁染料的吸附

采用D301树脂对经絮凝工艺处理后的三种模拟派拉丁印染废水中的三原色染料进行吸附.实验结果表明:在D301树脂的粒径为425～600 μm、模拟印染废水pH为2、反应温度为30℃、D301树脂加入量为3 g/L、派拉丁粉红BN、派拉丁蓝RR和派拉丁黄GR三种模拟印染废水的初始质量浓度分别为207.98,315.00,6...     

Historical and future emission of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from gas-fired combustion in Beijing,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of natural gas in Beijing has increased in the past decade due to energy structure adjustments and air pollution abatement. In this...     

Two-stage vertex analysis method for planning electric power systems with greenhouse gas abatement consideration

This study presents a two-stage vertex analysis (TSVA) method for the planning of electric power systems (EPS) under uncertainty. TSVA has advantages in comparison to other optimization techniques. Firstly, TSVA can incorporate greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement policies directly into its optimization process, and, secondly, it can readily integrate inherent system uncertainties expressed as fuzzy sets and probability distributions directly into its modeling formulation and solution procedure. The TSVA method is applied to a case study of planning EPS and it is demonstrated how the TSVA efficiently identify optimal electricity-generation schemes that could help to minimize system cost under different GHG-abatement considerations. Different combinative considerations on the uncertain inputs lead to varied system costs and GHG emissions. Results reveal that the total electricity supply will rise up along with the time period due to the increasing demand and, at the same time, more non-fossil fuels should be used to satisfy the increasing requirement for GHG mitigation. Moreover, uncertainties in connection with complexities in terms of information quality (e.g., capacity, efficiency, and demand) result in changed electricity-generation patterns, GHG-abatement amounts, as well as system costs. Minimax regret (MMR) analysis technique is employed to identify desired alternative that reflects compromises between system cost and system-failure risk.     

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition. ● The atmospheric oxidizing capacity improved during emission reduction. ● The mixed oxygenated organic aerosol contributed higher during emission reduction. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with complex composition and formation processes influenced by various factors. Emission reduction can alter both precursors and oxidants which further affects secondary OA formation. Here we provide an observational analysis of secondary OA (SOA) variation properties in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China in response to large scale of emission reduction during Chinese New Year (CNY) holidays from 2015 to 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic period from January to March, 2020. We found a 17% increase of SOA proportion during the COVID lockdown. The relative enrichment of SOA is also found during multi-year CNY holidays with dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Two types of oxygenated OA (OOA) influenced by mixed emissions and SOA formation were found to be the dominant components during the lockdown in YRD region. Our results highlight that these emission-reduction-induced changes in organic aerosol need to be considered in the future to optimize air pollution control measures.     

食蚊鱼(Gambusia afinis)cat、gapdh和gst基因的克隆及其在生态毒理学中的应用

根据Ensembl、Genbank登录的鱼类cat、gapdh和gst基因的CDS序列设计普通PCR扩增引物,寻找食蚊鱼的cat、gapdh和gst基因的c DNA片段,并根据定量引物设计要求设计出相应的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR引物,建立了食蚊鱼cat、gapdh和gst基因的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR方法。该方法在104~108数量级范围内有良好线性关系(R=0.999~1.000);熔解曲线显示扩增产物特异性良好,均为单一峰值;质粒标准品最高浓度与最低浓度的批内试验变异系数与批间试验变异系数均低于2%。利用该方法监测和评价环境污染物对水生生物的影响,选择了水体中常见典型药物污染物——双氯芬酸,研究其对食蚊鱼抗氧化基因表达的影响。结果表明,雌性食蚊鱼暴露在不同浓度双氯芬酸钠(0.005、0.05、0.5和5 mg·L-1)24 h后,其肝脏cat、gapdh和gst的mRNA呈现显著变化,相对于对照组,在低浓度0.005 mg·L-1时,cat与gst mRNA的表达量均有极显著上升(p0.01),而其它浓度均极显著下降(p0.01)。试验表明该方法具有快速、精确、灵敏度高的优点,可为利用该类小型鱼类的原位污染物的生物监测和生态毒理评价提供有力的技术支持。     

碱回收锅炉结构特点及安全性控制

碱回收锅炉是碱法和硫酸盐法造纸工艺的关键设备,我国现阶段碱回收炉均采用自然循环敷管炉墙全钢架吊挂结构,炉膛采用鳍片水冷壁、全密封焊接而成。通过对碱回收锅炉结构及运行特点进行分析,结合实际介绍了碱回收炉设计制造、安装过程、监督检验过程提高安全性的一些强化措施,并指出了在安装和检验过程应重点关注的一些问题。     

中国中小城市生活垃圾优化管理模型的应用

根据中国中小城市生活垃圾基本特点,提出了适宜于中国中小城市生活垃圾优化管理的基本原则,确定出优化管理模型程序.通过实例分析,具体说明了优化管理模型的应用,计算出1999年、2005年和2010年规划系统城市生活垃圾的优化处理方案,通过费用比较充分验证和说明了中国中小城市生活垃圾优化管理模型的适用性与优越性.     

含油泥砂洗涤法在大港油田的应用

含油泥砂洗涤法可以将含油泥砂中混合的原油、泥、砂回收并重新资源化利用,且处理过程中不产生新的污染物。大港油田应用含油泥砂洗涤法对北部地区产出的含油泥砂进行处理,处理后的泥砂浸出液COD、石油类等指标均能达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,处理后的泥砂符合JTJ034-2000《公路路面基层施工技术规范》中的石灰工业废渣稳定土抗压强度标准,符合道路修筑用土的抗压强度要求。