我国人居环境现状和改善对策

本文分析了我国人类环境现状及面临的主要问题,提出了改善人居环境的对策,研究制定法规政策和发展规划、计划,并切实实施,把住宅建设和城市基础设施建设放在重要位置,加强科技工作和国际合作工作。     

电选法回收利用废印刷线路板

废印刷线路板含有多种有价值的物质，随意丢弃或处理处置方法不当既污染环境，又造成资源流失。采用剪切式破碎和电力分选技术对废印刷线路板的机械分离进行了研究。结果表明，电选法可以实现废印刷线路板中金属和玻璃纤维、树脂的分离；在实验的粒径范围内（-14＋20目到-120＋200目分为5个粒径级别），金属主要集中在-20＋120目粒级范围内，且该粒级范围分选效果最好。     

Decomposition of simulated odors in municipal wastewater treatment plants by a wire-plate pulse corona reactor

Decomposition of simulated odors in municipal wastewater treatment plants was investigated experimentally by a wire-plate pulse corona reactor. A new type of high pulse voltage source with a thyratron switch and a Blumlein pulse forming network (BPFN) was adopted in our experiments, and the testing malodorants were ammonia, ethanethiol and tri-methyl amine, respectively. The maximum output power of the pulse voltage source and the maximum peak voltage were 1 kW and 100 kV. The experiments were conducted at the gas-flow rate of 4.0-23.0 m3 h(-1). Important parameters, including peak voltage, pulse frequency, capacitance (inductance) of the BPFN, gas-flow rate, initial concentration, which influenced on the removal efficiency, were investigated. The results show that the odors can be treated effectively. Almost 100% removal efficiency was obtained for 32 mg m(-3) ammonia at the gas-flow rate of 4.0 m(3) h(-1). The maximum removal efficiencies of 85 mg m(-3) ethanethiol and 750 mg m(-3) tri-methyl amine at 10.0 m(3) h(-1) were 98% and 91%, respectively. The energy yield of 110 mg m(-3) ammonia was 2.99 g kWh(-1) when specific energy density was 106 Jl(-1). In the cases of ammonia, ethanethiol and tri-methyl amine removal, ozone and nitrogen oxides were observed in the exit gas. The carbon and sulfur elements of ethanethiol and tri-methyl amine were mainly converted to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Moreover, the ammonium nitrates and sulfur were discovered in the reactor.     

我国危险废物管理现状及发展趋势

本文介绍了我国危险废物产生量、分布特点、管理现状及发展趋势 ,分析了我国地方及云南省危险废物管理中存在的问题 ,提出了解决问题的对策和建议。     

PVC废物及其处理技术

PVC广泛应用于工业和日常生活中 ,PVC废物的产生量将会在将来一段时间内持续增长 ,对PVC废物处理处置问题研究成为固体废物处理处置的一个方向。目前 ,PVC废物还缺乏系统、完善的管理手段和处理技术。本文在分析PVC废物特点其环境潜在危害特性的基础上 ,比较分析各种PVC废物处理技术的优势和存在的问题 ,及国内外在PVC废物处理处置方面的具体实践 ,以期探讨PVC废物的处理对策并提出今后PVC废物处理的发展趋势和研究方向     

Multi-dimension apportionment of clean air “parade blue”phenomenon in Beijing

The mass concentration and major chemical components of fine particulate matter were measured before, during and after Beijing''s massive parade commemorating 70th anniversary of the Chinese Victory in World War II on September 3, 2015. Regional emission inventory, positive matrix factorization (PMF), observations from space and backward air mass trajectories were jointly applied to identify the major pollution sources and their temporal and spatial variations. The contributions of emissions, their variations and the meteorological conditions related to the “parade blue” phenomenon in Beijing and its surrounding areas were investigated in detail. The main cause of the decreased PM_2.5 mass concentration was attributed to the absolute reduction in emissions of primary air pollutants. The chemical composition of PM_2.5 varied significantly before, during and after the parade. Fugitive dust particles were well controlled, the secondary formation of PM_2.5 was reduced along with the controlled gaseous precursors'' emissions from vehicles and industrial sources during the temporary intensified control period. During the parade period, the SO₂ and NO₂ column concentrations in Beijing and the surrounding areas decreased sharply, indicating that the coordinated reduction in primary emissions from the surrounding areas of Beijing played an important role in lowering the ambient concentration of SO₂ and NO₂ and accordingly lowered PM_2.5 and improved the regional air quality. A comparison of the temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction during the same periods in 2014 and 2015 showed that the meteorological conditions positively influenced the achievement of “parade blue”.     

17α-Ethynylestradiol biodegradation in different river-based groundwater recharge modes with reclaimed water and degradation-associated community structure of bacteria and archaea

This study investigated 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE2) biodegradation process and primary metabolic pathways associated with community structures of microorganism during groundwater recharge using reclaimed water. The attenuation rate is 1.58 times higher in wetting and drying alternative recharge(WDAR) than in continual recharge(CR). The primary biotransformation pathways of EE2 in WDAR system began with the oxidation of C-17 on ring D to form a ketone group, and D-ring was subsequently hydroxylated and cleaved. In the CR system, the metabolic pathway changed from the oxidation of C-17 on ring D to hydroxylation of C-4 on ring A, and ring A or B subsequently cleaved; this transition was related to DO, and the microbial community structure. Four hundred fifty four pyrosequencing of 16 s r RNA genes indicated that the bacterial communities in the upper layer of the WDAR system were more diverse than those found in the bottom layer of the CR system; this result was reversed for archaea. Unweighted Uni Frac and taxonomic analyses were conducted to relate the change in bacterial community structure to the metabolic pathway. Microorganism community diversity and structure were related to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, EE2 and its intermediates in the system. Five known bacterial classes and one known archaeal class, five major bacterial genera and one major archaeal genus might be involved in EE2 degradation. The findings of this study provide an understanding of EE2 biodegradation in groundwater recharge areas under different recharging modes and can facilitate the prediction of the fate of EE2 in underground aquifers.     

“老龄期”填埋场渗滤液COD蒸发规律研究

“老龄期”填埋场渗滤液由于可生化性差而难于处理。采用常规蒸发、减压蒸发和载气蒸发处理不同pH值的“老龄期”渗滤液。实验结果表明，3种蒸发方式下，冷凝液CODF降过程中均存在明显的浓度转折点，转折点之后COD维持较低水平，为“老龄期”渗滤液的“三分处理法”提供理论依据。与常规蒸发相比，减压蒸发和载气蒸发的前期冷凝液COD较高，且浓度转折点偏后。     

短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮技术研究

将短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮技术与传统生物脱氮技术进行了比较,论述了短程硝化-反硝化生物脱氮技术的机理及特点。分析了实现亚硝酸盐积累的影响因素,包括温度、溶解氧浓度、pH值、分子态游离NH3浓度和泥龄。结合典型工艺,提出了目前短程硝化-反硝化脱氮技术存在的问题及改进建议。     

关于危险废物处置项目投资营运模式的探讨

探讨了我国危险废物处置项目投资及营运模式，提出政府、企业共同出资建设，采用现代企业制度和市场化营运模式符合我国现阶段的国情。