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471.
为了对水中苯酚的去除进行研究,通过离子交换法及液相沉积法在天然沸石上负载Fe3O4制备出一种具有较高反应活性的复合催化剂,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等仪器对其结构和形貌进行表征,并利用复合催化剂进行非均相UV/Fenton反应处理模拟苯酚废水,考察不同因素对苯酚降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,在催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,H2O2投加量为二分之一理论投加量,pH为3~10且室温的条件下,处理100 mg/L的模拟苯酚废水,60 min之内苯酚去除率可达90%以上。通过对催化剂的稳定性研究,发现经5次循环使用后,苯酚去除率均可保持在90%以上,具有良好的循环使用性能。 相似文献
472.
Zhang Cheng Kun-Ci Chen Kai-Bin Li Xiang-Ping Nie Sheng Chun Wu Chris Kong-Chu Wong Ming-Hung Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4484-4495
This study investigated the extent of arsenic (As) contamination in five common species of freshwater fish (northern snakehead [Channa argus], mandrarin fish [Siniperca chuatsi], largemouth bass [Lepomis macrochirous], bighead carp [Aristichthys nobilis] and grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idellus]) and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The total As concentrations detected in fish muscle and sediment in freshwater ponds around the PRD were 0.05–3.01 mg?kg?1 wet weight (w. wt) and 8.41–22.76 mg?kg?1 dry weight (d. wt), respectively. In addition, the As content was positively correlated (p?<?0.05) to total organic carbon (TOC) contents in sediments. Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) showed that omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals from the sediment than carnivorous fish. In addition, feeding habits of fish also influence As accumulation in different fish species. In this study, two typical food chains of the aquaculture ponds were selected for investigation: (1) omnivorous food chain (zooplankton, grass carp and bighead carp) and (2) predatory food chain (zooplankton, mud carp and mandarin fish). Significant linear relationships were obtained between log As and δ 15N. The slope of the regression (?0.066 and ?0.078) of the log transformed As concentrations and δ 15N values, as biomagnifications power, indicated there was no magnification or diminution of As from lower trophic levels (zooplankton) to fish in the aquaculture ponds. Consumption of largemouth bass, northern snakehead and bighead carp might impose health risks of Hong Kong residents consuming these fish to the local population, due to the fact that its cancer risk (CR) value exceeded the upper limit of the acceptable risk levels (10?4) stipulated by the USEPA. 相似文献
473.
Hongtao Wang Yongfeng Nie 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):264-272
ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and to identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the second of two papers proposed on this topic. Major problems or difficulties identified in MSW management in China include MSW land, air, and water pollution, commingled collection, poor administration, shortage of funds, lack of facilities, and problems of training and public awareness. In order to solve these problems and to improve MSW management in China, remedial strategies in three areas are recommended: institutional reform, technology development, and legislation and administrative improvement. The primary principle involved in institutional reform is unifying legislative responsibilities into one body and developing a market mechanism for handling MSW. Composting, landfills, and incineration should be equally developed in accordance with China's needs. The feasibility of developing technology to handle MSW in China is discussed. Also recommended is the establishment of sound regulatory systems, including a service fee system, a source separation system, and a training program. China is presently undergoing economic and institutional reform at the national and local levels. Results of this study will provide useful information on MSW management in China. 相似文献
474.
475.
Nie M Lu M Yang Q Zhang XD Xiao M Jiang LF Yang J Fang CM Chen JK Li B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):157-163
In this study, we investigated Phragmites australis’ use of different forms of nitrogen (N) and associated soil N transformations in response to petroleum contamination. 15N tracer studies indicated that the total amount of inorganic and organic N assimilated by P. australis was low in petroleum-contaminated soil, while the rates of inorganic and organic N uptake on a per-unit-biomass basis were higher in petroleum-contaminated soil than those in un-contaminated soil. The percentage of organic N in total plant-assimilated N increased with petroleum concentration. In addition, high gross N immobilization and nitrification rates relative to gross N mineralization rate might reduce inorganic-N availability to the plants. Therefore, the enhanced rate of N uptake and increased importance of organic N in plant N assimilation might be of great significance to plants growing in petroleum-contaminated soils. Our results suggest that plants might regulate N capture under petroleum contamination. 相似文献
476.
Wang Z Nie E Li J Yang M Zhao Y Luo X Zheng Z 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2908-2917
Purpose
Two series of activated carbons modified by Fe (II) and Fe (III) (denoted as AC/N-FeII and AC/N-FeIII), respectively, were used as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate in aqueous solutions.Method
The synthesized adsorbent materials were investigated by different experimental analysis means. The adsorption of phosphate on activated carbons has been studied in kinetic and equilibrium conditions taking into account the adsorbate concentration, temperature, and solution pH as major influential factors.Results
Maximum removals of phosphate are obtained in the pH range of 3.78?C6.84 for both adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation well describes the experimental adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Results suggest that the main phase formed in AC/N-FeII and AC/N-FeIII is goethite and akaganeite, respectively; the presence of iron oxides significantly affected the surface area and the pore structure of the activated carbon.Conclusions
Studies revealed that iron-doped activated carbons were effective in removing phosphate. AC/N-FeII has a higher phosphate removal capacity than AC/N-FeIII, which could be attributed to its better intra-particle diffusion and higher binding energy. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 22.23 and 10.89 kJ mol?1 for AC/N-FeII and AC/N-FeIII, respectively. The adsorption process was complex; both surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism. 相似文献477.
Yuanxin Zhang Fei Li Chaoqiong Ni Song Gao Shuwei Zhang Jin Xue Zhukai Ning Chuanming Wei Fang Fang Yongyou Nie Zheng Jiao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):21
478.
Inexact multistage stochastic integer programming for water resources management under uncertainty 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
In this study, an inexact multistage stochastic integer programming (IMSIP) method is developed for water resources management under uncertainty. This method incorporates techniques of inexact optimization and multistage stochastic programming within an integer programming framework. It can deal with uncertainties expressed as both probabilities and discrete intervals, and reflect the dynamics in terms of decisions for water allocation through transactions at discrete points of a complete scenario set over a multistage context. Moreover, the IMSIP can facilitate analyses of the multiple policy scenarios that are associated with economic penalties when the promised targets are violated as well as the economies-of-scale in the costs for surplus water diversion. A case study is provided for demonstrating the applicability of the developed methodology. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated for both binary and continuous variables. For all scenarios under consideration, corrective actions can be undertaken dynamically under various pre-regulated policies and can thus help minimize the penalties and costs. The IMSIP can help water resources managers to identify desired system designs against water shortage and for flood control with maximized economic benefit and minimized system-failure risk. 相似文献
479.
Distribution characteristics and source analysis of dioxins in sediments and mussels from Qingdao coastal sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seven of surface sediments, one sediment core and two mussel samples were collected from the Qingdao coastal sea of the western Yellow Sea and analyzed to determine the horizontal distribution, deposition flux, and toxicity equivalency (TEQs) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The total PCDD/Fs concentrations in the surface sediments ranged between 10.7 and 428 ng kg(-1) dry wt. The horizontal distribution of PCDD/F congeners in the sediments was characterized by elevated concentrations at the locations in the east of Jiaozhou Bay with the highest concentration occurring near the Haibo River mouth. Physical parameters (total organic carbon contents and sediment types) and the current circulation systems in Jiaozhou Bay can be important factors controlling the horizontal distribution pattern of PCDD/Fs in the bay. The influence of the Haibo River as a source of pollution was evidenced by PCDD/F homologue profiles, indicating a contribution from sewage sludge in addition to other possible sources. Records from the sediment core revealed that the total PCDD/Fs in the Qingdao coastal sea were nearly constant since 1951 till 1980s and increased remarkably after 1980s. The total 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs and total TEQs of PCDD/Fs on the lipid basis in the mussel sample inside the bay were significantly higher than in the adjacent sediment. The homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in the mussels were quite different from those of the sediments, characterized by high TCDF (50% of the total PCDD/Fs). 相似文献
480.
上海市城市绿地土壤特性及对雨洪削减效应的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究了上海市5个功能区城市绿地土壤的特性,分析了它们在各功能区的分布规律及造成差异的影响因素,并对上海市利用绿地蓄渗雨洪的潜力进行了计算分析.结果表明,上海市城市绿地土壤质地以粘壤土、砂质粘壤土和壤质粘土为主;城市绿地土壤由于受人为活动的影响,土壤物理性质发生了显著变化,土壤容重增大,孔隙度和渗透性降低,压实现象普遍;土壤的入渗速率差异较大,以文教区和居民生活区为最好,其后依次为公园、商业活动区、道路交通区.对绿地面积比为20%的功能区,在一年一遇的设计暴雨重现期内,绿地蓄渗雨水效果随土壤入渗速率的增大而增大,且下凹式绿地的蓄渗效果明显优于平绿地. 相似文献