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101.
Jit S Dadhwal M Kumari H Jindal S Kaur J Lata P Niharika N Lal D Garg N Gupta SK Sharma P Bala K Singh A Vijgen J Weber R Lal R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(4):586-597
Purpose
??-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), ??-HCH, and lindane (??-HCH) were listed as persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and hence must be phased out and their wastes/stockpiles eliminated. At the last operating lindane manufacturing unit, we conducted a preliminary evaluation of HCH contamination levels in soil and water samples collected around the production area and the vicinity of a major dumpsite to inform the design of processes for an appropriate implementation of the Convention.Methods
Soil and water samples on and around the production site and a major waste dumpsite were measured for HCH levels.Results
All soil samples taken at the lindane production facility and dumpsite and in their vicinity were contaminated with an isomer pattern characteristic of HCH production waste. At the dumpsite surface samples contained up to 450?g?kg?1 ?? HCH suggesting that the waste HCH isomers were simply dumped at this location. Ground water in the vicinity and river water was found to be contaminated with 0.2 to 0.4?mg?l?1 of HCH waste isomers. The total quantity of deposited HCH wastes from the lindane production unit was estimated at between 36,000 and 54,000?t.Conclusions
The contamination levels in ground and river water suggest significant run-off from the dumped HCH wastes and contamination of drinking water resources. The extent of dumping urgently needs to be assessed regarding the risks to human and ecosystem health. A plan for securing the waste isomers needs to be developed and implemented together with a plan for their final elimination. As part of the assessment, any polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) generated during HCH recycling operations need to be monitored. 相似文献102.
Loha KM Shakil NA Kumar J Singh MK Adak T Jain S 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(3):201-206
Controlled release formulations of β-cyfluthrin, a non-systemic, broad spectrum contact insecticide, have been prepared using laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based amphiphilic copolymers. Copolymers of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights and various dimethyl esters, viz. dimethyl isophthalate, which self assemble into nano micellar aggregates in aqueous media, have been synthesized. The kinetics of β-cyfluthrin from developed controlled release (CR) formulations were studied in comparison with that of the commercially available 025 SC. Release from the commercial formulation was faster than with the developed CR formulations. The rate of release of encapsulated β-cyfluthrin from nano micellar aggregates is reduced by increasing the molecular weight of PEG. The diffusion exponent (n value) of β-cyfluthrin in water ranged from 0.427 to 0.622 in the tested formulations. The release was diffusion controlled with a half-release time (t(?)) of 3.92 to 7.9 days in water from different formulations, and the period of optimum availability (POA) of β-cyfluthrin ranged from 1.4 to 20.5 days. The results suggest that the application rate of β-cyfluthrin can be optimized to achieve insect control at the desired level and period. 相似文献
103.
Assessment of the environmental profile of PLA,PET and PS clamshell containers using LCA methodology
Santosh Madival Rafael Auras Sher Paul Singh Ramani Narayan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(13):1183-1194
Life cycle assessments of bio-based polymer resin and products historically have shown favorable results in terms of environmental impacts and energy use compared to petroleum-based products. However, calculation of these impacts always depends on the system and boundary conditions considered during the study. This paper reports a cradle-to-cradle Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in comparison with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(styrene) (PS) thermoformed clamshell containers, used for packaging of strawberries with emphasis on different end-of-life scenarios. It considers all the inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and seed corn required for the growing and harvesting of corn used for manufacturing PLA. For PET and PS, the extraction of crude oil and the entire cracking processes from crude oil through styrene and ethylene glycol and terephathalic acid are considered. Global warming, aquatic acidification, aquatic eutrophication, aquatic ecotoxicity, ozone depletion, non-renewable energy and respiratory organics, land occupation and respiratory inorganics were the selected midpoint impact categories. The geographical scope of the study reflects data from Europe, North America and the Middle East. PET showed the highest overall values for all the impact categories, mainly due to the higher weight of the containers. The main impacts to the environment were the resin production and the transportation stage of the resins and containers. This implies that the transportation stage of the package is an important contributor to the environmental impact of the packaging systems, and that it cannot be diminished. 相似文献
104.
Incineration of cellulose waste filter from acrylic industry showed the presence of 13–16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the list of 16 priority pollutants with an airflow rate of 1, 2, 3, and 4 L min???1 in laboratory scale quartz tube vertical incinerator at 700–1,000°C at an interval of 100°C. The amount of total 16 PAHs increases with the increase in temperature with airflow rate of 1 L min???1 and was found to be 9.4 times at 1,000°C than at 700°C. Studies at 800–1,000°C showed the decrease in total 16 PAHs with increase in airflow rate from 1 to 2 L min???1. The amount of total 16 PAHs increases at 700, 800, and 1,000°C with increase in airflow rate from 2–4 L min???1. At 900°C, amount of 16 PAHs decreases with increase in flow rate from 1 to 3 and increases at 4 L min???1. The lesser amount of 2A PAHs was found at 700–900°C with airflow rates of 1–3 L min???1, while less amount of 2B PAHs was found at 700°C and 800°C (with airflow rate of 1–2 L min???1), at 900°C (with airflow rate of 1–3 L min???1) and at 1,000°C (with airflow rate of 3 L min???1). However, the sum total of 2A and 2B PAHs were found to be less at 700–900°C with airflow rate of 1–2 L min???1. 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
Gaun Sachin Ali Syed Afroz Singh Pooja Patwa Jayant Flora Swaran Jeet Singh Datusalia Ashok Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(10):24949-24962
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Copper (Cu) is an important trace element required for several biological processes. The use of copper is increasing gradually in several... 相似文献
108.
Mandal Dalia Dasgupta Singh Gaurav Majumdar Subhasree Chanda Protik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11119-11140
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Apart from protecting the environment from undesired waste impacts, wastewater treatment is a crucial platform for recovery. The exploitation of... 相似文献
109.
Soumya Chatterjee Mridul Chetia Lokendra Singh Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay Siddhartha Datta S. K. Mukhopadhyay 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,178(1-4):361-371
Some wetland plant species are adapted to growing in the areas of higher metal concentrations. Use of such vegetation in remediation of soil and water contaminated with heavy metals is a promising cost-effective alternative to the more established treatment methods. Throughout the year, composite industrial effluents bringing various kinds of heavy metals contaminate our study site, the East Calcutta Wetlands, a Ramsar site at the eastern fringe of Kolkata city (formerly Calcutta), India. In the present study, possible measures for remediation of contaminated soil and water (with elements namely, Ca, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe) of the ecosystem had been investigated. Ten common regional wetland plant species were selected to study their efficiency and diversity in metal uptake and accumulation. Results showed that Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) had the highest total Cr concentration (6,601 ± 33 mg kg???1 dw). The extent of accumulation of various elements in ten common wetland plants of the study sites was: Pb (4.4?C57 mg kg???1 dw), Cu (6.2?C39 mg kg???1 dw), Zn (59?C364 mg kg???1 dw), Mn (87?C376 mg kg???1 dw), Fe (188?C8,625 mg kg???1 dw), Ca (969?C3,756 mg kg???1 dw), and Cr (27?C660 mg kg???1 dw) indicating an uptake gradient of elements by plants as Ca>Fe>Mn>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb. The present study indicates the importance of identification and efficiency of metal uptake and accumulation capabilities by plants in relation to their applications in remediation of a contaminated East Calcutta Wetland ecosystem. 相似文献
110.
Oviposition site selection has a strong impact on the spatial distribution and sustenance of a species. This site selection by ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is known to be well mediated amongst other factors by the oviposition deterring pheromones present in conspecific larval tracks. It would be also useful to the organism to be sensitive to heterospecific larval tracks, to protect from intraguild predation; however, this has not yet garnered much attention and there are only a few scattered studies with ambiguous results. The present study thus investigates the oviposition deterring effects of heterospecific presence and semiochemicals of heterospecific life stages (eggs, fourth instar larvae, pupae, adult males and females) of ladybird species, viz. Coccinella septempunctata, C. transversalis, Propylea dissecta on females of Menochilus sexmaculatus. Results reveal that the presence of all heterospecific life stages inhibits oviposition of M. sexmaculatus and the inhibition is density dependent. Semiochemicals of eggs, larval and adult tracks also show density-dependent inhibitory effects. The semiochemical-induced oviposition inhibition was stage specific with respect to the degree of inhibition. Of all heterospecific species tested, maximum and minimum oviposition deterrence of M. sexmaculatus was against C. septempunctata and P. dissecta, respectively. Comparison of our previously published results on oviposition inhibition in M. sexmaculatus due to conspecific presence with the current ones revealed increased inhibition in conspecific presence than heterospecific indicating ability to differentiate. 相似文献