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11.
Gayan Lakendra Gunaratne Norio Tanak Prasanna Amarasekar Tilak Priyadarshan Jagath Manatunge 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(6):813-819
Groyne system modification is described related to restoration e orts to Koggala lagoon, Sri Lanka.The large-scale unplanned sand
removal at the lagoon mouth shifted the formation of sand bar towards the lagoon and made adverse e ects on its ecosystem. After the
removal of the natural sand bar, groyne system was constructed to avoid sand deposition in the lagoon and to protect the highway bridge
(across the lagoon outlet channel) from the wave attack. The existing groyne system resulted the lagoon mouth being permanently open
to sea which in turn led to many environmental problems. Groyne system modification is proposed in this study to reduce the sea water
intrusion.Water budget and two-dimensional depth averaged hydrodynamic model were developed for understanding the hydrologic
and flow characteristics of the lagoon. Numerical experiments was performed at lagoon mouth area for two cases: (1) existing condition
and (2) proposed rubble mound groyne system condition. Comparison of results was obtained for both cases to describe flow pattern at
lagoon mouth. Results further showed, the width should be reduced to a maximum of 40 m. Proposed mouth width (40 m) pushed the
salting factor towards 0.5 from 0.68. Salting factor reduction with the groyne modification may result a predominant influence of fresh
water which may in turn lead lagoon to a fresh water ecosystem. 相似文献
12.
Xue Q Shimizu K Sakharkar MK Utsumi M Cao G Li M Zhang Z Sugiura N 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):700-707
Introduction
Initial geosmin degradation was closely related to water temperature and natural geosmin concentration of sampling environment. Here, for the first time, we evaluated the biodegradation of geosmin by microorganisms in biofilm from biological treatment unit of actual potable water treatment plant. 相似文献13.
Ti/RuO_2-Pt电极电化学降解苯酚废水研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究以典型的难降解有机污染物苯酚为对象,用Ti/RuO2-Pt阳极进行电催化氧化降解研究,讨论了电解质、苯酚初始浓度、电流密度以及氨氮对苯酚降解效果的影响。研究结果表明:以NaCl为电解质比Na2SO4为电解质时处理苯酚的效果明显,而且电流密度越大、NaCl的添加量越多,苯酚全部降解所需的时间越短;在10mA/cm2的电流密度,0.3g/L氯化钠的添加量下,将苯酚从8mg/L降解为0需要30min。在电流浓度10mA/cm2,氯化钠添加量1.0g/L下,苯酚由20、40、80mg/L降解为0分别需要30、60、130min,降解时间随着浓度的增加呈接近正比增加;氨氮的存在不影响苯酚的电化学降解,而且苯酚优先降解,然后氨氮降解。 相似文献
14.
Norio Saito 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(6):825-849
This paper undertakes an in-depth analysis of six least developed countries (LDCs) in South and Southeast Asia to assess the extent of mainstreaming climate change adaptation into national development plans by reviewing their National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), national development plans, and Strategic Programs for Climate Resilience (SPCRs) (where available). The paper proposes two perspectives to analyze the level of mainstreaming and five factors that may affect such a level. The results show that there is a significant difference in the success of their mainstreaming efforts: mainstreaming is relatively advanced in Bangladesh, limited in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Maldives, and Nepal, and still minimal in Bhutan and Cambodia. Among the factors, the study finds that the inter-ministerial coordination supported by the highest levels of government is most relevant to the success of mainstreaming, which is measured by the integration of climate adaptation consideration into development priorities and a country’s own initiatives, particularly those involving budget allocation. Recognition of the need for mainstreaming and monitoring and evaluation also affect the success of mainstreaming efforts in LDCs. Another important factor is to make adaptation plans compatible with national development plans in terms of their time horizon, and SPCRs effectively facilitate this process. As all countries still require external support for advancing mainstreaming, the role of development partners is instrumental. The paper points to issues that need to be incorporated in the relevant NAPAs including updating to facilitate mainstreaming. 相似文献
15.
16.
Gayan Lakendra Gunaratne Norio Tanaka G. P. Amarasekara Tilak Priyadarshana Jagath Manatunge 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(1):113-121
Physical processes of the lagoon are influenced by structural interventions. Understanding the complex reality of physical
processes sometimes difficult with field observations thus a model provides a simplified abstract view. Two dimensional hydrodynamic
model is used to describe, restoration efforts to Koggala lagoon, a combined freshwater and estuarine complex of rich ecosystem
on the southern coast of Sri Lanka. The lagoon mouth was naturally closed by a sand bar which controlled the seawater intrusion.
Due to large-scale sand removal at lagoon mouth, formation of the sandbar shifted towards the lagoon. After the removal of
natural sand barrier, rubble mound groyne structures were built to avoid sand deposition in the lagoon and to protect the
highway bridge from the sea wave attack. Construction of the groyne resulted in the lagoon mouth being permanently open which
in turn led to many environmental problems with saline intrusion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current situation
of the lagoon and propose alternative structural interventions for minimization of seawater intrusion and subsequently improve
lagoon ecosystem. Hydrological parameters were investigated and mathematical models for hydrodynamic behavior of the lagoon
were applied in order to describe the lagoon physical processes and flow characteristics. Existing rubble mound structures
were redesigned in order to minimize the seawater intrusion. Numerical simulations were carried out for two different mouth
widths (40 m and 20 m) with appropriate structural interventions. Existing salting factor for the lagoon is 0.68 and numerical
simulation results showed salting factor for 40 m and 20 m openings are 0.61 and 0.54 respectively. This shows the mouth width
can be reduced up to 20 m in order to obtain a slating factor close to 0.5, which indicates the predominant influence of fresh
water which in turn leads lagoon to a fresh water ecosystem. 相似文献
17.
18.
Hirotoshi Kawabata Bokka Yabunaka Masayuki Tanabe Tateo Usui Katsukiyo Marukawa Shigeta Hara Toshihiro Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):80-89
A simple, low-cost method for suppression of dioxins/furans (hereinafter referred to as dioxins) is required because many
middle- and, especially, small-scale incinerators have fallen into disuse or have been dismantled because of the high running
and system costs of measures for the suppression of dioxins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a
simple removal method for dioxins from combustion gas and to evaluate the basic removal rate of dioxins. The removal method
for suspended matter in a gas mixture (cold model) and dioxins in exhaust gases (hot model) has been investigated by means
of gas injection into water, the mechanism of which is that the suspended matter in the gas gathers at the gas–liquid interface.
In the cold model, the removal ratio of fine particles (RP) by gas injection into water was reproduced well by the following equation: RP (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC)}, where SS (cm2/cm3) is the specific surface area of bubbles and tC (s) is the residence time of bubbles in water. The removal ratio of fine particles increased as the product Ss · tC increased. In a hot model using the exhaust gas from combustion experiments of polyvinyl chloride, the removal ratio of dioxins
(RD) by injecting the exhaust gas into water was estimated by the following equation: RD (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC · CD0
0.07)}, where CD0 [ng/cm3 (at standard temperature and pressure)] is the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas before injection into water. RD depends greatly on the specific surface area of bubbles and the residence time of the bubbles in water, and only weakly on
the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas. Injection of the exhaust gas into water has been shown to be effective and was
evaluated as a simple method for the removal of dioxins from exhaust gas. 相似文献
19.
20.
Kazuya Mimura Masayuki Endo Yoko Kawanishi Takeshi Kanagawa Kouji Nagata Keita Terui Makoto Fujii Masayuki Shiraishi Masaya Yamoto Miharu Ito Atsuo Itakura Hiroomi Okuyama Noriaki Usui the Japanese Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(8):993-1001
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed the literature up to December 19, 2022 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, comparative studies of CDH neonates delivered at an early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) and at full term (39 weeks of gestation or later), and comparative studies investigating outcomes of CDH neonates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 985 neonates delivered at an early term and 629 delivered at full term. The cumulative rate of survival to discharge showed no significant difference between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (395/515; 76.7%) or at full term (345/467; 73.9%) (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.16; p = 0.85). Furthermore, the number of neonates requiring oxygen therapy at discharge was not significantly different between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (32/370; 8.6%) and at full term (14/154; 9.1%) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36–2.70; p = 0.99). Therefore, the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with CDH remains unclear. 相似文献