混凝-生物接触氧化处理合成橡胶碱洗废水

对化学合成橡胶碱洗废水进行了有机组分和可生化性分析,废水主要含有氯甲烷、六甲苯、异丁醇、甲醇等污染物质,生化降解实验中废水TOC可在6 d内从60.9 mg/L下降至0.0 mg/L,可生化降解性好,适于生化处理。选择混凝-生物接触氧化组合工艺对废水进行处理,采用优化条件(pH=8、PAC=40 mg/L、PAM=8 mg/L)进行混凝,碱洗废水COD去除率为9.95%~72.94%(平均31.51%);混凝后的碱洗废水与冲洗废水1∶5混合进行接触氧化处理,在HRT为36 h的情况下,COD去除率为65.6%~72.6%(平均70.4%),出水COD为134~331 mg/L,满足企业废水排放市政管网的要求;同时,实验发现COD去除率与COD容积负荷存在指数函数变化关系。     

Impact of water saturation level on arsenic and metal mobility in the Fe-amended soil

The impact of water saturation level (oxidizing-reducing environment) on As and metal solubility in chromium, copper, arsenic (CCA)-contaminated soil amended with Fe-containing materials was studied. The soil was mixed with 0.1 and 1 wt% of iron grit (Fe(0)) and 1, 7 and 15 wt% of oxygen scarfing granulate (OSG, a by-product of steel processing). Solubility of As and metals was evaluated by a batch leaching test and analysis of soil pore water. Soil saturation with water greatly increased As solubility in the untreated as well as in the Fe-amended soil. This was related to the reductive dissolution of Fe oxides and increased concentration of As(III) species. Fe amendments showed As reducing capacity under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The cytotoxicity of the soil pore water correlated with the concentration of As(III). The Fe-treatments as well as water saturation of soil were less significant for the solubility of Cu, Cr and Zn than for As. The batch leaching test used for waste characterization substantially underestimated As solubility that could occur under water-saturated (anaerobic) conditions. In the case of soil landfilling, other techniques than Fe-stabilization of As containing soil should be considered.     

适用于我国农村地区的低温空气源热泵采暖技术

基于我国农村特点提出采用清洁能源利用技术——低温空气源热泵采暖方式替代农村传统的散煤燃烧取暖方式。低温空气源热泵采用较为成熟可靠的补气增焓技术。研究表明:在蒸发温度为-30 ℃、冷凝温度为45 ℃、补气比为0.6的模拟工况下运行,低温空气源热泵理论制热性能系数(COP)大于2.25,系统能效比(EER)高于1.90。在实际应用过程中,低温空气源热泵机组可解决不同场合下需依靠不同介质(热风或热水)采暖的问题,预计全面推广后,我国农村地区每年可减少二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物和粉尘排放分别约3.86亿、0.115亿、0.057亿和1.05亿t,其可作为淘汰农村传统采暖方式的优先选择。     

基于环境一号卫星多光谱影像数据的三湖一库富营养化状态评价

环境一号卫星是我国2008年自主发射的环境与灾害监测小卫星,其2d的时间分辨率使其成为环境变化监测的重要数据源.根据实测的太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库的水面光谱信息以及水质参数,构建基于环境一号卫星多光谱数据的富营养化评价模型,对太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库2009年水体营养状况进行了评价分析.研究结果表明:利用环境一号卫...     

Sexual selection on receptor organ traits: younger females attract males with longer antennae

Sexual selection theory predicts that female choice may favour the evolution of elaborate male signals. Darwin also suggested that sexual selection can favour elaborate receiver structures in order to better detect sexual signals, an idea that has been largely ignored. We evaluated this unorthodox perspective by documenting the antennal lengths of male Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) moths that were attracted to experimentally manipulated emissions of female sex pheromone. Either one or two females were placed in field traps for the duration of their adult lives in order to create differences in the quantity of pheromone emissions from the traps. The mean antennal length of males attracted to field traps baited with a single female was longer than that of males attracted to traps baited with two females, a pattern consistent with Darwin’s prediction assuming the latter emits higher pheromone concentrations. Furthermore, younger females attracted males with longer antennae, which may reflect age-specific changes in pheromone emission. These field experiments provide the first direct evidence of an unappreciated role for sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in moth antennae and raise the intriguing possibility that females select males with longer antennae through strategic emission of pheromones.     

地理探测器方法下北京市人口空间格局变化与自然因素的关系研究

人口空间分布具有尺度特征,从乡镇街道尺度研究自然因素对城市人口空间格局的影响有利于得出更精细的结果,并为城市人口合理布局和规划提供科学依据。论文利用第五、六次人口普查乡镇街道数据,分析北京市人口空间格局特征,利用地理探测器研究自然因素对人口分布的影响。研究表明：1）自然因素对不同类型人口空间格局影响具有差异性。对常住人口作用强度由大到小的自然因素分别是适宜建设用地面积、地形起伏度、坡度、海拔高程和河网密度,对外来人口作用力由大到小的自然因素分别是地形起伏度、适宜建设用地面积、坡度、海拔高程和河网密度;2）自然因素对不同地区人口空间格局影响具有差异性。除适宜建设用地面积外,坡度和河网密度分别对六环内、外区域人口密度影响较大。高程和地形起伏度对六环外人口格局作用力高于六环内地区;3）两类自然因素叠加对人口密度作用的强化方式体现为因素相互协同或因素作用力非线性增加。5类自然因素对人口密度的影响力交互作用探测值为1,各类自然因素对城市人口空间格局的影响力协同增强。     

乌梁素海和岱海沉积物有机碳的形态特征

以富营养化类型不同的乌梁素海和岱海为对象,开展湖泊沉积物中有机碳的形态特征研究,对比分析了2个湖泊沉积物有机碳的形态特征及其差异性.结果表明,乌梁素海沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)含量范围为4.50～22.83 g·kg-1,平均11.80g·kg-1;重组碳(HFOC)含量范围为3.38～21.67 g·kg-1,平均1...     

催化臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成机制研究

以黄河下游某水厂滤后水为目标物,选择了9种催化剂,在间歇反应装置中研究了单独臭氧和催化臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐（BrO 3-）的生成情况,结果表明,在催化臭氧氧化过程中,NiO、CuO、Fe3O4、Al2O3加入使BrO 3-质量分数分别降低34.0%、32.8%、29.2%、20.8%.选取Fe3 O4作为催化剂研究催化...