破碎聚氨酯硬泡时CFC-11的释放量和残留量

将聚氨酯硬泡在密闭室中破碎至不同粒径,低温加热后进行氧弹燃烧试验,利用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)定量每个过程中发泡剂CFC-11(CFCl₃)的释放量.结果表明:CFC-11释放量随破碎颗粒粒径的减小而增大,过4 mm筛的颗粒释放效果最佳,CFC-11释放量占其总量的67%;泡沫中w(CFC-11)为20%左右,其中77%的CFC-11包裹在泡孔中,23%被泡沫固相吸附;即使将泡沫过1 mm筛,部分未打破泡孔中仍有6%的CFC-11,当破碎粒径接近泡孔平均直径0.3～0.4 mm时,CFC-11释放量保持不变,吸附于泡沫固相中的CFC-11在破碎过程中很难释放.      

Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace

High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br₂) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400 °C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RT_HT) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s.Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RT_HT; temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br₂ depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br₂, whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25 s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200 °C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RT_HT exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%).According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br₂/HBr in flue gas greatly.     

间歇式活性污泥法处理制革废水

介绍了间歇式活性污泥法 (SBR法 )处理制革废水的工程概况及工程调试和试运转情况 ,认为SBR法的特殊运行工序是适合处理制革废水的。     

大型环保设施建设中的政府民间合作融资模式

对基础设施和公共工程建设中常用的10种政府民间合作融资模式进行分析,并探讨其在环保设施建设中的具体运用。     

Distribution and hydrodynamic model of the Keumdong oil spill in Kwangyang Bay, Korea

Oil concentrations in the seawater, seabed sediments, and shoreline sediments were measured from the samples collected 165 days after the Keumdong oil spill accident, which had occurred in Kwangyang Bay of the South Sea, Korea in September 1993. Distribution patterns of the concentrations in the seabed and shoreline sediments have allowed us to hindcast the transport and fate of the spilled oil. Overall, the patterns agree better with the southward (seaward) surface water circulation than with the northward (landward) bottom water circulation over the region. Rapid, initial dispersal of the spilled oil to the south and its subsequent grounding onto the intertidal seabed sediments, as well as onto the shorelines, appear to have made ineffective the subsurface oil transport by the bottom current.     

9种硝基苯对鱼肝微粒体EROD活性的影响

混合功能氧化酶系(mixed function oxidase,MFO)中的敏感指标,7-乙氧基-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase,EROD)已作为生物标志物,应用于生态毒理学研究领域.笔者以苯并(a)芘作为阳性对照,采用鲤鱼肝脏体外直接染毒测定EROD的方法,分析了9种硝基苯对EROD活性的诱导影响.      

工业废水厌氧生物处理中的无机和有机毒性物质

介绍了有关工业废水厌氧生物处理中无机和有机毒性物质方面的重要研究成果。工业废水中的毒性物质一般会对甲烷菌产生可逆性抑制,驯化能够减轻或消除毒性物质对甲烷菌的抑制作用,厌氧工艺在适当条件下能够有效地去除工业废水中的多种毒性物质。     

用铬渣作水泥矿化剂

介绍了铬渣作水泥矿化剂的原理和生产控制条件,通过经济和环境效益分析证明,铬渣作水泥矿化剂确实是一种处理和利用铬渣的好方法。     

绿色分离技术-超临界流体萃取的应用

介绍了超临界流体的性质及萃取过程,主要介绍了超临界流体萃取技术在医药、食品、环保及分析领域方面的应用。     

谭裕沟隧道VOCs污染特征和排放因子研究

在谭裕沟隧道实验中,采集和分析了隧道内在一定机动车流量和构成情况下近70种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的浓度,研究了VOCs的污染特征并计算了其排放因子.