Short-term effects and economic burden assessment of ambient air pollution on hospitalizations for schizophrenia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence on the health and economic impacts of air pollution with schizophrenia is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this...     

镧、锆改性油菜杆和菱角壳去除养猪废水中的磷

磷是引起地表水富营养化的重要因素之一,选择高效低成本的吸附材料是去除废水中磷的关键所在。基于此,采用共沉淀法制得镧、锆改性的油菜秆(La-BC、Zr-BC)和菱角壳(La-TN、Zr-TN),探究了其对模拟废水中磷的吸附去除;分别考察了在改性材料不同投加量、溶液pH、磷的初始浓度、反应时间等条件下对磷吸附特征的影响。FT-IR和SEM-EDS表征结果表明,镧和锆均已成功负载于油菜秆和菱角壳的表面上。La-TN、La-BC、Zr-TN和Zr-BC对磷的吸附量随改性材料投加量的增加呈指数下降,最大吸附量分别为12.49、11.41、6.85、6.83 mg$ \cdot {{\rm{g}}}^{-1}$。随pH的上升,镧改性材料对磷的吸附量呈先上升后下降的趋势,而锆改性材料呈幂函数式下降。4种改性材料的吸附动力学使用叶诺维奇模型描述更为合适,且吸附等温线使用Freundlich模型拟合更佳。La-BC、Zr-BC、La-TN、Zr-TN在养猪废水中吸附量分别为14.82、10.36、15.41和8.91 ${\rm{m}}{\rm{g}} \cdot {{\rm{g}}}^{-1}$,较改性前分别提升了34、20、53、37倍,这表明4种改性材料可作为养猪废水中除磷的潜在材料。以上研究结果可为废水中磷的去除及农业废弃物的资源化利用提供一定的参考。     

以城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥快速启动两段式亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器的可行性

为探讨以城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥启动厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性,启动了两段式亚MBBR亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺并成功运行。结果表明,经过90 d的启动,在进水NH₄⁺-N质量浓度为750 mg·L⁻¹的条件下,亚硝化反应器负荷(以NH₄⁺-N计)可达到9 000 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹,平均出水NO₂⁻-N和NH₄⁺-N质量浓度比值为1.28,满足厌氧氨氧化的反应要求。经过180 d的启动,在进水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂⁻-N质量浓度分别为360 mg·L⁻¹和380 mg·L⁻¹的条件下,厌氧氨氧化反应器负荷(以TN计)可达到13 875 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹,TN去除率可达(84.14±0.66)%。活性测定结果显示,AOB和ANAMMOX活性(以NH₄⁺-N计)分别可达6 423.84 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹和6 448.32 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹且均可维持恒定。高通量测序结果表明,亚硝化反应器中的Nitrosomonas占比由0.02%增至20.09%,为AOB的主导菌属;厌氧氨氧化反应器中,Ca. Brocadia和Ca. Jettenia为主要的ANAMMOX菌,占比分别达到11.00%和2.07%。采用好氧池生物膜作为接种污泥可快速启动两段式亚硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺。     

Knowledge spillovers and subsequent innovation in green energy: the role of public R&D

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as...     

TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of PCBs in soil-water systems containing fluoro surfactant

Titanium dioxide-mediated photodegradation of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil/aqueous systems with added fluorinated surfactant was investigated. PCBs can bind tightly to organic matter in the soil, especially in aged, contaminated soil. Experiments showed an effective PCB photocatalytic degradation in mixed systems of soil/clay with anionic fluorinated surfactant FC-143 and TiO2. The FC-143 surfactant is stable in this photochemical process. PCB degradation rates in samples followed the order: spiked clay > spiked soil > Hudson River bank soil. The results suggest that anionic fluorinated surfactant may form semimicelles and/or admicelles on the surface of positively charged TiO2. The hydrophobic surface of TiO2 can provide a nonpolar phase that acts as a partioning medium for hydrophobic PCBs. Therefore, PCBs in soil can be released to the semimicelle and/or admicelle on the TiO2 surface and are effectively photodegraded in a dispersion containing anionic fluorinated surfactant. The combination of surfactant extraction and photooxidation forms the basis for a novel two-stage process for the removal and destruction of PCBs from soil.     

改良剂与植物联合修复对汞铊矿废弃物重金属淋溶释放行为及微生物群落结构的影响

为探究改良剂赤泥(富铁铝的工业废弃物)与鱼粪(富氮磷的有机质)作为改良剂结合2种典型先锋速生植物(巨菌草和黑麦草)对汞铊矿废弃物中典型重金属(Hg、As、Sb、Tl等)淋溶释放的原位控制效果,通过150 d淋滤实验,考察了单一改良剂、混合改良剂及改良剂联合植物对汞铊矿废弃物和淋滤液理化特征、重金属淋溶释放规律及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,添加鱼粪和赤泥结合植物种植能显著抑制汞铊矿废弃物中As、Tl和Sb的释放,同时显著促进废弃物中Hg的溶出(P<0.05)。随着淋溶时间的延长,5个批次淋滤液中As、Tl和Sb的质量浓度分别降至对照组的21.28%~56.56%、33.21%~63.15%、32.23%~56.62%。经处理后汞铊矿废弃物中养分有所提高,相较于对照组,各处理组废弃物pH由3.87升至5.56~6.78,速效钾(AK)含量是对照组的5.60~8.75倍,有机质(OM)由对照组的0.64 g·kg⁻¹增至2.50~3.14 g·kg⁻¹。同时,改良剂与植物联合修复改善了汞铊矿废弃物微生物群落丰富度和多样性,其中以黑麦草组的细菌群落丰富度最高。综合考虑重金属淋溶释放控制和微生物群落结构改善,选择鱼粪和赤泥混合改良并种植巨菌草对汞铊矿废弃物的修复效果最佳,以上研究结果可为汞铊矿废弃物中重金属释放的原位控制与无土快速生态修复提供技术支持。     

低进水浓度CASS工艺沿程污染物去除特征及微生物群落变化

南方部分城镇污水浓度偏低,而循环式活性污泥法(CASS)能较好地处理低浓度污水,处理性能与微生物群落特征密切相关,但鲜有研究涉及其沿程微生物群落结构变化。本研究选取广东省某CASS城镇污水厂作为典型案例,分析其沿程污染物去除特征和微生物变化,从微生物学角度探讨污染物的去除机理。结果表明：低进水浓度CASS生化池沿程耗氧有机物(以COD计)、TN、NO₃⁻-N、TP主要在污泥选择区被吸附降解,进水1 h COD和TP值降至最低,NH₄⁺-N主要在主反应区被氧化降解,生化池可去除污水中56.42%的耗氧有机物(以COD计)、41.71%的TN、77.78%的NH₄⁺-N、99.59%的TP。生化池主要优势菌门有变形菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门和浮霉菌门,变形菌门是影响微生物多样性变化的关键菌门。属水平上,进水1 h选择区Zoogloea、Aeromonas和Thauera丰度较高,主反应区Nitrospira丰度较高;进水结束选择区Nitrospira丰度较高,主反应区Terrimonas和Lactobacillus丰度较高;沉淀1 h选择区Thauera丰度提高,主反应区Nitrosomonas丰度较高,主要发生氨氧化;闲置结束选择区脱氮菌类型多丰度高,主反应区Sulfuritalea、Haliangium、Zoogloea丰度较高。沿程功能性微生物丰度变化与污染物浓度变化相对应。NO₃⁻-N对微生物群落结构的塑造影响最显著(解释度为38.92%)。氮代谢途径表明沿程主反应区均发生全程硝化反硝化,选择区均发生短程硝化和全程反硝化,除进水1 h外,其余阶段选择区的反硝化功能基因丰度均比主反应区高。     

Risk assessment of particulate matter by considering time-activity-pattern and major microenvironments for preschool children living in Seoul,South Korea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Preschool children aged 3–6 years are vulnerable to exposed to particulate matter (“PM10” and “PM2.5”). It is required...     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from food salt samples processed by heat treatment in Korea

Eight samples of processed food salt collected from five plants in Korea were analyzed for 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) using liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up procedures, and high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The study included the analyses of two kinds of salt product sample: bamboo-salt and parched salt. The levels of toxic PCDD/Fs found in the salt product samples were extremely low: the results revealed TEQ levels ranging between the sub pg TEQ/g and sub fg TEQ/g. The differences in the TEQ values of toxic PCDD/F were observed between the salt product samples, which were treated with different frequency of baking using four different fuels (firewood, pine wood, pine resin, and indirect heating by gas) at temperatures from 300 to 2000 degrees C. In bamboo-salt samples, the concentrations and TEQ values of toxic PCDD/Fs ranged between 0.57-66 pg/g and 5.7x10(-5)-0.64 pg TEQ/g, respectively. PCDD/Fs levels in bamboo-salts baked by firewood were found to be higher than those baked by pinewood or pine resin. In parched salt samples, the concentrations and TEQ values of toxic PCDD/Fs ranged between 0.97-3.7 pg/g and 0.0097-0.017 pg TEQ/g, respectively. The data was discussed regarding the concentration and the distribution pattern of congeners.