Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water using magnetic ion exchange resin

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concern regarding their potential threat to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, the magnetic ion exchange(MIEX) resin was applied for removing three commonly-used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole(SMX), tetracycline(TCN) and amoxicillin(AMX) from water.The results of batch experiments show that the maximum adsorption capacities on the MIEX resin for SMX, TCN and AMX were 789.32, 443.18 and 155.15 μg/m L at 25°C,respectively, which were 2–7 times that for the powdered activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of antibiotics on the MIEX resin could be simulated by the pseudo-second-order model(R~2= 0.99), and the adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model(R~2= 0.97). Solution p H exhibited a remarkable impact on the adsorption process and the absorbed concentrations of the tested antibiotics were obtained around the neutral p H.The MIEX resin could be easily regenerated by 2 mol/L Na Cl solution and maintained high adsorption removal for the tested antibiotics after regeneration. Anion exchange mechanism mainly controlled the adsorption of antibiotic and the formation of hydrogen binding between the antibiotic and resin can also result in the increase of adsorption capacity. The high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate and prominent reusability make the MIEX resin a potential adsorbent in the application for removing antibiotics from water.     

贵州兴仁煤矿区水环境的水化学特征

贵州省兴仁县煤矿区水体水质的分析结果表明,矿山水、地下水、河水水质类型分别为[S]CaⅡ型、[C]CaⅠ型、[S][C]CaⅠ型。矿山水具有高矿化度、高硬度、高电导率、低pH值的特征。而地下水和河水具有矿化度偏高、总硬度中等的水化学特征。煤矿开采过程中对研究区地表水的水质有较大的影响,矿山水水体中的Fe、Mn、Al含量明显超标,水化学演化受控于矿业活动和地质背景条件。     

贵州兴仁煤矿开采旧址重金属Cd、 Hg和As在常见蕨类及其根际土壤中的含量与积累特征研究

本文对贵州兴仁某处煤矿区旧址自然定居的优势蕨类7科10属(分别为蕨菜、华中介蕨、栗蕨、狗脊、芒萁、顶芽狗脊、耳羽岩蕨、光里白、蜈蚣草和岭南铁角蕨)及其根际土壤重金属(Cd、Hg和As)含量进行了调查分析。结果表明,植物根际土壤Cd含量为0. 03～1. 9 mg/kg,超过了国家土壤二级标准; Hg和As含量分别为0. 5～15 mg/kg和537～5 330 mg/kg,均超过了国家土壤三级标准,其中As超标严重。蕨类植物中蜈蚣草富集As效果最佳,地上部分As含量达1 710 mg/kg,转运系数为1. 4。岭南铁角蕨地上部分Cd含量可高达1 490μg/kg,转运系数达56,具有极强的Cd富集能力。通过相关性分析发现,蕨类吸收Cd和As的量与根际土p H呈显著正相关关系(P0. 05),吸Hg量则与p H呈显著负相关(P0. 05)。土壤中重金属的可交换态与蕨类对重金属的吸收总量均呈显著正相关关系(P0. 05)。单因子污染指数法计算结果显示,废渣堆附近土壤Hg和As污染十分严重,其中As污染已扩散到下游区域。潜在生态风险程度评估表明,该煤矿区重金属Cd、Hg和As复合污染严重,其高风险程度应引起相关部门重视。     

基于神经网络的三江源区草地地上生物量估算

三江源区位于青藏高原腹地,作为长江、黄河、澜沧江三大河流的发源地,是我国重要的水源涵养和生态功能保护区.为了及时准确地获取该区域草地生物量信息,根据三江源区高寒草甸、高寒草原采样点的地上生物量实测值,结合遥感植被指数、海拔、气象观测数据（光合有效辐射、年均气温、年降水量）构建BP神经网络模型,估算2001—2010年三江源区的草地地上生物量,并对其进行分县统计和年际变化分析.结果表明:① 通过多次反复的训练与测验得到的BP神经网络模型,对高寒草甸、高寒草原的地上生物量模拟值与实测值的R2分别为0.73、0.79,表明BP神经网络模型具有较好的模拟效果.② 2001—2010年三江源区草地地上生物量多年平均值为172.34 g/m2,其中高寒草甸为214.81 g/m2,高寒草原为130.07 g/m2.③ 三江源区草地地上生物量的空间分布具有明显的空间异质性,呈从东南向西北递减的趋势.其中,位于东部的河南县草地地上生物量最高,为413.46 g/m2;而北部的曲麻莱最低,仅为69.04 g/m2.④ 2001—2010年三江源区草地地上生物量呈缓慢波动上升趋势,平均升幅为0.93 g/（m2·a）.研究显示,利用站点地上生物量实测数据构建BP神经网络模型并对地上生物量进行模拟,对于分析区域尺度的草地地上生物量分布格局和变化趋势行之有效.      

As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)胁迫对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌铁行为的影响

以嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌为受体材料,通过分析培养过程中培养液pH、Fe²⁺氧化率和总铁(TFe)沉淀率研究不同浓度As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)胁迫对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌铁行为的影响。结果表明:As(Ⅲ)胁迫显著降低反应体系的pH降幅、Fe²⁺氧化速率和TFe沉淀率;低浓度As(Ⅴ)的加入对反应体系的pH降幅、Fe²⁺氧化速率和TFe沉淀率没有明显影响;随着初始浓度的增大,pH降幅、Fe²⁺氧化速率和TFe沉淀率也逐渐降低。As(Ⅲ)对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌铁行为的影响较As(V)更明显。同一胁迫水平下,该菌对As(Ⅲ)的响应更强烈。     

南京典型水体春季温室气体排放特征研究

利用静态箱-气相色谱法对南京4条河流(内秦淮河、外秦淮河、金川河、团结河)和1座水库(丁解水库)的春季水-气界面CO2、CH4、N2O 3种温室气体通量进行包括昼夜变化的持续观测,对其变化趋势及影响因素加以分析.结果表明,春季团结河CO2和CH4的排放量最大,分别为1023.34,89.45mg/(m2·h),金川河两种气体排放量次之,内、外秦淮河CO2排放量相当,而内秦淮CH4的排放量比外秦淮小1个量级.丁解水库该2种温室气体排放量最小.金川河N2O的排放量最高,为151.31μg/(m2·h),团结河N2O排放量次之[111.74μg/(m2·h)],其他2条河流和丁解水库N2O的排放量均在一个量级上(101).水-气界面温室气体的排放受温度、压力、风速等环境因子影响.温室气体的昼夜变化分析结果表明,除了金川河N2O的排放趋势为昼间排放、夜间吸收外,其余河流及丁解水库均为温室气体的排放源.内秦淮和丁解水库的排放趋势受人为因素影响较大,外秦淮河的排放趋势主要受水位的高低变化影响,团结河的排放量受风速和温度的共同影响.金川河主要受微生物活性影响3种温室气体均呈明显的昼夜变化.5种水体在春季是大气3种温室气体的主要排放源.     

石化高架火炬污染源的大气环境影响评价要点

针对石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中存在的难点与问题,结合现行有关技术导则、工程规范和环境影响评价实践,提出了高架火炬大气环境影响评价的工作内容和评价原则,并对技术难点给出了解决方案,结合案例从环境影响和预测评价、环保措施、平面布置合理性等方面探讨了石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中的要点。     

吉林省环保电子政务信息安全制度规划管理探索

本文介绍了电子政务信息安全的定义和内涵,通过对吉林省环保电子政务信息安全制度的梳理和优化,以制度建设为手段来提升环境管理水平,实现以环保电子政务为中心,提高行政服务效率同时以制度为保障降低安全风险。     

Mn203/γ-Al2O3在超临界水氧化中催化活性的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在超临界水中催化氯化降解1,5-萘二磺酸,探索了催化剂Mn2O3活性组分负载量、催化剂空速和反应溶液pH对Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性的影响.结果表明:Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3的催化活性在一定范围内随Mn2O3活性组分负载量的增加而提高;在一定范围内,Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3空速越小,模拟废水的COD去除率越高;Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化活性在反应溶液呈酸性情况下比碱性时高.     

The solid-solution partitioning of heavy metals (Cu,Zn, Cd,Pb) in upland soils of England and Wales

Ninety-eight surface soils were sampled from the uplands of England and Wales, and analysed for loss-on-ignition (LOI), and total and dissolved base cations, Al, Fe, and trace heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). The samples covered wide ranges of pH (3.4-8.3) and LOI (9-98%). Soil metal contents measured by extraction with 0.43 mol l-1 HNO3 and 0.1 mol l-1 EDTA were very similar, and generally lower than values obtained by extraction with a mixture of concentrated nitric and perchloric acids. Total heavy metal concentrations in soil solution depend positively upon soil metal content and [DOC], and negatively upon pH and LOI, values of r2 ranging from 0.39 (Cu) to 0.81 (Pb). Stronger correlations (r2=0.76-0.95) were obtained by multiple regression analysis involving free metal ion (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+) concentrations calculated with the equilibrium speciation model WHAM/Model VI. The free metal ion concentrations depend positively upon MHNO3 and negatively upon pH and LOI. The data were also analysed by using WHAM/Model VI to describe solid-solution interactions as well as solution speciation; this involved calibrating each soil sample by adjusting the content of "active" humic matter to match the observed soil pH. The calibrated model provided fair predictions of total heavy metal concentrations in soil solution, and predicted free metal ion concentrations were in reasonable agreement with the values obtained from solution-only speciation calculations.