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51.
Anna Gagliardo Maria Savini Angelo De Santis Giacomo Dell’Omo Paolo Ioalè 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(2):289-296
Some authors have proposed that homing pigeons are able to correct the error in orientation following a phase-shift treatment
by using the magnetic compass reference. They reported that clock-shifted pigeons bearing magnets display a greater deflection
compared to magnetically unmanipulated clock-shifted birds. However, this hypothesis tested by recording pigeons’ vanishing
bearings has led to contradictory results. The present study reports pigeons’ tracks recorded with a GPS and shows that clock-shifted
pigeons bearing magnets displayed a greater deviation through the whole route compared to the magnetically unmanipulated shifted
pigeons. Moreover, the analysis of the tracks shows that the birds belonging to both experimental groups stop in coincidence
with their subjective night. When re-starting their journey, the birds corrected the clock-shift induced error in orientation,
but the magnetically manipulated pigeons were less efficient in doing so. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that
homing pigeons released from unfamiliar location re-orient after clock shift by using the magnetic compass. 相似文献
52.
Quantification of copepod gut content by differential length amplification quantitative PCR (dla-qPCR) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christofer Troedsson Paolo Simonelli Verena Nägele Jens C. Nejstgaard Marc E. Frischer 《Marine Biology》2009,156(3):253-259
Quantification of feeding rates and selectivity of zooplankton is vital for understanding the mechanisms structuring marine
ecosystems. However, methodological limitations have made many of these studies difficult. Recently, molecular based methods
have demonstrated that DNA from prey species can be used to identify zooplankton gut contents, and further, quantitative gut
content estimates by quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeted to the 18S rRNA gene have been used to estimate feeding rates
in appendicularians and copepods. However, while standard single primer based qPCR assays were quantitative for the filter
feeding appendicularian Oikopleura dioica, feeding rates were consistently underestimated in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. In this study, we test the hypothesis that prey DNA is rapidly digested after ingestion by copepods and describe a qPCR-based
assay, differential length amplification qPCR (dla-qPCR), to account for DNA digestion. The assay utilizes multiple primer
sets that amplify different sized fragments of the prey 18S rRNA gene and, based on the differential amplification of these
fragments, the degree of digestion is estimated and corrected for. Application of this approach to C. finmarchicus fed Rhodomonas marina significantly improved quantitative feeding estimates compared to standard qPCR. The development of dla-qPCR represents a
significant advancement towards a quantitative method for assessing in situ copepod feeding rates without involving cultivation-based
manipulation. 相似文献
53.
Environmental odours assessment from waste treatment plants: dynamic olfactometry in combination with sensorial analysers "electronic noses" 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Littarru P 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(2):302-309
After an overview about the criteria of odour nuisance in different technical laws, about electronic noses analysers and about dynamic olfactometry, in the present paper the authors describe an application of dynamic olfactometry in combination with the determinations of electronic noses. The coordination of the two approaches permits optimisation of the advantages offered by both methods to the measurable and objective evaluation of the odour nuisance from waste treatment plants and chemical plants. 相似文献
54.
de Zorzi P Barbizzi S Belli M Barbina M Fajgelj A Jacimovic R Jeran Z Menegon S Pati A Petruzzelli G Sansone U Van der Perk M 《Chemosphere》2008,70(5):745-752
In the frame of the international SOILSAMP project, funded and coordinated by the National Environmental Protection Agency of Italy (APAT), uncertainties due to field soil sampling were assessed. Three different sampling devices were applied in an agricultural area using the same sampling protocol. Cr, Sc and Zn mass fractions in the collected soil samples were measured by k(0)-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k(0)-INAA). For each element-device combination the experimental variograms were calculated using geostatistical tools. The variogram parameters were used to estimate the standard uncertainty arising from sampling. The sampling component represents the dominant contribution of the measurement uncertainty with a sampling uncertainty to measurement uncertainty ratio ranging between 0.6 and 0.9. The approach based on the use of variogram parameters leads to uncertainty values of the sampling component in agreement with those estimated by replicate sampling approach. 相似文献
55.
56.
Fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) has been characterized in terms of polychlorinated dibenzyl-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) content. Increasing values of PCDD/Fs have been found to correlate with decreasing temperatures of sampling points in flue gas treatment lines of the plants, confirming other researchers' findings about temperature as the major controlling parameter for the PCDD/F formation. Measured PCDD/F ratios show that de novo synthesis is the dominant formation mechanism. The increasing trends of particulate-bound PCDD/Fs can be explained not only through the dominant de novo synthesis process but also considering the adsorption of gaseous PCDD/Fs on fly ash deposits, even outside the typical de novo synthesis temperature ranges. The effective role of a post-combustor unit, imposed by Italian law to destroy PCDD/ Fs, also needs to be carefully reconsidered. 相似文献
57.
58.
Paolo Casale Daniela Freggi Roberto Basso Carola Vallini Roberto Argano 《Marine Biology》2007,152(5):1039-1049
Sea turtle tagging carried out in Italy in the period 1981–2006 resulted in 125 re-encounters of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) after a mean of 2.5 years, from different marine areas in the Mediterranean. At first finding, turtles ranged 25–83 cm of
curved carapace length. Data were analyzed according to size, area, habitat type, season, in order to provide indication of
movement patterns. When integrated with other information, results indicate that: (1) a part of turtles in the oceanic stage
show a nomad behavior with movements among different oceanic areas; (2) another part show fidelity to an oceanic area; (3)
turtles in the neritic stage show fidelity to neritic areas, and once settled to one area, change to other neritic areas is
unlikely; (4) nomad oceanic turtles are significantly larger than sedentary ones, and also larger than turtles found in neritic
areas; it is hypothesized that these could be Atlantic turtles that eventually leave the Mediterranean; (5) ecological transition
from oceanic to neritic habitats occurs at a wide range of sizes, and some turtles may have a very brief oceanic stage; (6)
turtles in the oceanic stage are more likely to recruit to neritic areas close to their oceanic areas than to distant ones;
(7) part of turtles from some Mediterranean nesting beaches might frequent a relatively limited area range, including both
oceanic and neritic areas; (8) in most of the Mediterranean, latitudinal seasonal migrations are unlikely. A general model
of movement patterns of loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean is proposed. 相似文献
59.
Paolo Magni 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(5):363-372
Coastal marine ecosystems are increasingly subjected to environmental stress and degradation due to pollution. Several research programmes have addressed this problem and produced relevant data sets for specific areas, often including consistent sets of environmental and biological variables. The value of existing information gathered from these types of data can be largely increased by combining them into a common data set to determine globally applicable relationships. To perform this exercise, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO has recently formed the Ad hoc Study Group on Benthic Indicators (http://www.ioc.unesco.org/benthicindicators) with the aim of developing robust indicators of benthic health. In this paper, initial products and ongoing activities of this international initiative are described and discussed. An expansion of initial IOC/UNESCO research on benthic fauna-organic carbon relationships is also presented. As part of this follow-up research, the relationship between total organic carbon concentrations of sediment and abundance, biomass and species diversity of benthic macrofauna was evaluated using data sets from 2 different regions of the world comprising 3 different coastal marine environments. The ability of identifying threshold levels in selected variables that could serve as indicators of related adverse environmental conditions leading to stress in the benthos is envisaged within the frame of a larger joint analysis, carried out by the IOC/UNESCO Study Group on Benthic Indicators, of merged data sets from several coastal regions worldwide. 相似文献
60.
Paolo Gasparini Giuseppe Novelli Anna Savoia Bruno Dallapiccola Pier Franco Pignatti 《黑龙江环境通报》1989,9(5):349-355
Eight pregnancies at risk for cystic fibrosis have been monitored by first-trimester prenatal diagnosis with DNA amplification analysis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in all cases to amplify the region detected by KM 19. In two cases, the region detected by CS·7, another DNA probe tightly linked to the CF locus, was also examined. The results of the PCR determinations were confirmed using the Southern blotting procedure, by segregation analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) relative to XV-2c, J3·11, metH, metD, and KM19 probes. 相似文献