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431.
Water quality assessment, by statistical analysis, on rural and urban areas of Chocancharava River (Río Cuarto), Córdoba, Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eduardo A. Gatica César A. Almeida Miguel A. Mallea Maria C. del Corigliano Patricia González 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7257-7274
Water quality has degraded dramatically in the Chocancharava River (Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina) due to point and non-point sources. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of physical and chemical parameters of the river. Six sampling sites and six sampling campaigns were developed. During the period 2007–2008, wet and dry seasons were included. A statistical analysis was carried out with 23 physical and chemical variables. Then, a new statistical analysis was carried out including the Riparian Corridors Quality Index and the physical and chemical variables (24 variables). Considering a multivariate system, analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used. From the statistical analysis, the river was divided into two zones with different degrees of contamination. The most polluted zone is due to pollution inputs of urban, industrial and agricultural sources. This area showed a remarkable deterioration in water quality, mainly due to wastewater discharges. According to Riparian Quality, better results were found in sections of poor water quality, due to the fact that the river bank forest was less degraded downstream of the sewage discharge. 相似文献
432.
Gillenwater PS Urgun-Demirtas M Negri MC Alvarado J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(1):27-29
In order to compare treatability test results evaluating low-level mercury (Hg) removal from oil refinery wastewater, improvements in Hg analytical methods were conducted at two US EPA certified analytical labs. The revisions in the analytical protocols improved Hg recoveries and hence enabled more reliable data interpretation and comparison for the specific wastewater tested. Nevertheless, significant differences between results from the two laboratories were identified in a split-sample experiment. 相似文献
433.
Edwin Sabuhoro Brett A. Wright Robert B. Powell Jeffrey C. Hallo Patricia A. Layton Ian E. Munanura 《Environmental management》2020,65(3):410-419
Illegal activities and use of park resources are the main challenges facing mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) conservation and the protection of their habitats in the East Africa’s Greater Virunga Transboundary Landscape (GVTL). Indigenous residents around GVTL are considered the primary illegal users of park resources. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the current and past perceptions of indigenous residents living in communities adjacent to two GVTL parks; Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. Equally, there is also limited understanding regarding the actual incidences of illegal activities inside both parks. This paper addresses these gaps. Perception data were collected from indigenous residents living adjacent to both parks. Further, Ranger-based Monitoring (RbM) data from both parks were analyzed to determine actual numbers and types of illegal activities over the 9-year period. Interestingly, findings indicated that residents perceived the prevalence of illegal activities to be decreasing across GVTL. To the contrary, RbM findings indicated that the number of actual illegal activities was increasing significantly, particularly in Volcanoes National Park. The discrepancy found between the two perspectives provides for a discussion of the social biases potentially present in these data, and their implications for management. Results also illuminated the subsistence-related nature of most illegal behaviors and suggest that to reduce illegal activities and local dependency on park resources, park management must work with communities and support them in tapping into alternative livelihoods and finding ways to address community household subsistence needs. 相似文献
434.
Over the next half century the human population is expected to grow rapidly, resulting in the conversion of rural areas into
cities. Wetlands in these regions are therefore under threat, even though they have important ecosystem services and functions.
Many obligate marsh-nesting birds in North America have shown declines over the past 40 years, and it is important to evaluate
marsh bird community response to increased urbanization. We surveyed 20 coastal marshes in southern Ontario, Canada, and found
that obligate marsh-nesting birds preferred rural over urban wetlands, generalist marsh-nesting birds showed no preference,
while synanthropic species showed a trend towards increased richness and abundance in urban marshes. The Index of Marsh Bird
Community Integrity (IMBCI) was calculated for each wetland and we found significantly higher scores in rural compared to
urban wetlands. The presence of a forested buffer surrounding the marsh was not an important factor in predicting the distribution
of generalists, obligates, synanthropic species, or the IMBCI. More isolated marshes had a lower species richness of obligate
marsh-nesters and a lower IMBCI than less isolated marshes. Based on our results, we recommend that urban land use is not
the dominant land use within 1000 m from any wetland, as it negatively affects the abundance and richness of obligate marsh-nesters,
and the overall integrity of the avian community. We also recommend that all existing wetlands be conserved to mitigate against
isolation effects and to preserve biodiversity. 相似文献
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438.
Castañeda-Espinoza Joel Salinas-Sánchez David Osvaldo Mussali-Galante Patricia Castrejón-Godínez María Luisa Rodríguez Alexis González-Cortazar Manasés Zamilpa-Álvarez Alejandro Tovar-Sánchez Efraín 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(2):2509-2529
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. is a plant with a wide distribution that expands throughout almost all Mexican territory and is used in traditional... 相似文献
439.
Patricia Millner David Ingram Walter Mulbry Osman A. Arikan 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):1992-1999
Spread of manure pathogens is of considerable concern due to use of manure for land application. In this study, the effects of four static pile treatment options for bovine manure on die-off of a generic Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7 surrogate, Salmonella Senftenberg, Salm. Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated. Bovine manure spiked with these bacteria were placed in cassettes at the top, middle, and bottom sections of four static pile treatments that reflect minimal changes in pile construction with and without straw. Temperatures were monitored continuously during the 28 day self-heating period. E. coli and salmonellae were reduced from 8 to 9 log10 CFU g?1 to undetectable levels (<1.77 log10 MPN g?1) at 25–30 cm depths within 7 days in all pile sections except for the manure-only pile in which 3–4 logs of reduction were obtained. No L. monocytogenes initially present at 6.62 log10 CFU g?1 were recovered from straw-amended piles after 14 days, in contrast with manure-only treatment in which this pathogen was recovered even at 28 days. Decline of target bacterial populations corresponded to exposure to temperatures above 45 °C for more than 3 days and amendments of manure with straw to increase thermophilic zones. Use of straw to increase aeration, self-heating capacity, and heat retention in manure piles provides producers a minimal management option for composting that enhances pathogen die-off and thereby reduces risk of environmental spread when manure is applied to land. 相似文献
440.