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171.
Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro João Victor Furlan Santos Kátia Cristina Fagnani Helton José Alves Leda Maria Saragiotto Colpini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(9):791-800
AbstractSugarcane vinasse is a by-product obtained during ethanol production in sugar-ethanol plants. For each 1?L of ethanol produced approximately 11?L of vinasse are generated. As this residue is obtained in high amounts, it is used as fertilizer in sugarcane crops. However, despite being rich in nutrients, sugarcane vinasse is approximately one hundred times more polluting than domestic sewage, making it an environmental problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to propose a treatment sequence for sugarcane vinasse and evaluate the possibility of energetic use of the generated sludge in the coagulation/flocculation stage. pH, conductivity, turbidity and decreases in UV/Vis absorption spectra were determined for each treatment step. In addition, the upper calorific value of the generated sludge was also determined, while ash (adsorption treatment) and catalyst (heterogeneous photocatalysis) characterizations were also carried out. At the end of the treatment, initial vinasse turbidity was reduced by 100% and pH and conductivity values were stabilized. The sludge presented a higher calorific value of approximately 3,000?kcal kg?1 and the ash and catalyst displayed favorable characteristics to be applied to the sugarcane vinasse treatment stages. 相似文献
172.
173.
Jebali J Banni M de Almeida EA Boussetta H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):195-200
Levels of the oxidative DNA damage 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and catalase (CAT) activity were measured
in the digestive gland and gills of clams Ruditapes decussatus, related to the presence of pollutants along Tunisian marine environment. Increased levels of CAT were observed in tissues
of clams from all the sites studied, compared to control values, and elevated 8-oxodG levels were observed at specific sites.
Results obtained in this work indicate that the measurement of 8-oxodG levels and CAT activity in tissues of R. decussatus is promising in pollution monitoring studies of the Tunisian marine environment. 相似文献
174.
Marilia Vilela Junqueira Günther Friedrich Paulo Roberto Pereira de Araujo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,163(1-4):545-554
Based upon several years of experience in investigations with macrozoobenthos in rivers in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, a biological assessment system has been developed to indicate pollution levels caused by easily degradable organic substances from sewers. The biotic index presented here is aimed at determining water’s saprobic levels and was, therefore, named the “Saprobic Index for Brazilian Rivers in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states” (ISMR). For this purpose, saprobic valences and weights have been established for 122 taxa of tropical macrozoobenthos. Investigations were carried out in little, medium sized and big rivers in mountains and plains. Through ISMR, a classification of water quality and the respective cartographic representation can be obtained. Data collection and treatment methods, as well as the limitations of the biotic index, are thoroughly described. ISMR can also be used as an element to establish complex multimetric indexes intended for an ecological integrity assessment, where it is essential to indicate organic pollution. 相似文献
175.
Exploring the relationship between nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone by applying the joint multifractal analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Francisco J. Jiménez-Hornero Jorge E. Jiménez-Hornero Eduardo Gutiérrez de Ravé Pablo Pavón-Domínguez 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,165(1-4):675-684
The main goal of this study is to determine the present heavy metal pollution state in the two gulfs of the Aegean Sea; Saros and Gökova Gulfs. The surface sediments were collected from 11 and eight locations in the Saros and Gökova during May 2001, respectively. The results showed that the sediments of Saros and Gökova gulfs were polluted with Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Ni and Pb, Cr, Ni, and Mn, respectively. For various metals the contamination factor (CF) has been calculated to assess the degree of pollution in sediments. The sediments were noted to be not contaminated with Hg, Cd, and Cu in all areas. Moderate contaminations were observed for Pb, Cr, and Zn in Saros Gulf. The CF was moderate and very high for Ni in the Saros and the Gökova Gulf, respectively. 相似文献
176.
Paula Cristina Resende Paulo Resende Miguel Pardal Salomé Almeida Ulisses Azeiteiro 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):535-544
Diatoms and macroinvertebrates have been extensively used as water quality indicators in Europe for the last two decades. In Portugal, the use of biological indicators to assess water quality in rivers has increased greatly. The aim of this work was to assess the water quality and ecological status of the Ul River in order to evaluate its ability for the establishment of a fluvial beach, using periphytic diatoms and macroinvertebrates as indicators. Four sites were selected along the Ul River. At each site, biological, physical, and chemical parameters were investigated. Epilithic diatoms and macroinvertebrates were sampled. The Specific Polluosensitivity Index and the Biological Diatom Index were applied to diatom data, while for macroinvertebrates, the Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP) was used. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that up to now, this river does not possess the ideal conditions for the establishment of a fluvial beach. We concluded that epilithic diatoms and macroinvertebrates provided consistent information on water quality assessment and can be used as biological indicators of the water quality in Ul River. 相似文献
177.
Cachada A Pereira ME Ferreira da Silva E Duarte AC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):15-32
Urban and industrial development has caused a major impact on environmental soil quality. This work assesses the extent and
severity of contamination in a small urban area subjected to an industrial impact and identifies the major anthropogenic inputs.
Twenty-six soil samples were collected from agricultural and urban sites, and concentrations of potentially toxic elements
(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn), PAHs and PCBs, were determined. In spite of the low median concentrations observed,
some sites represent a potential hazard for human health and ecosystems. Concentrations of contaminants were higher than those
found in a nearby city, indicating that the study area is affected by the surrounding industry. The use of multivariate statistical
analyses allowed for the identification of the main factors controlling the variability of potentially toxic elements and
organic pollutants in the soils. The presence of Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni was associated with geogenic inputs, and Cu, Pb, Zn, As,
PAHs and PCBs were associated with anthropogenic inputs. Industry and traffic were the most important anthropogenic sources.
Soil characteristics were identified as important factors controlling the spatial variability of elements, both from recognised
natural and anthropogenic origin. Differences between land uses were observed, which may be attributed to both management
practices and proximity to sources. 相似文献
178.
Gomes LN Oliveira SM Giani A von Sperling E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(8):4635-4645
The water reservoir of Vargem das Flores, Brazil, has been subject to eutrophication problems. The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in this water body has raised concerns regarding the presence of toxic metabolites. In order to understand the factors that promote the proliferation and distribution of cyanobacteria in the reservoir, physicochemical parameters, species composition, and toxicity of the reservoir water column were analyzed at monthly intervals over a 3-year period (2004-2007) using a range of analytical techniques. The results showed that cyanobacteria were absent in the dry period, returning after the onset of stratification. A succession pattern was observed within this group. The Aphanocapsa genus was dominant in the last rainy period of the study (October 2006 to March 2007). However toxicity was only detected when the genera Microcystis and Sphaerocavum were present (October 2005). The principal components analysis showed negative correlation between cyanobacteria and orthophosphate. The change of dominant cyanobacteria along the 3 years of study and the final prevalence of nontoxic genera in the reservoir is an evidence of water quality improvement in response to the management techniques implemented in the reservoir basin. 相似文献
179.
Leticia Miguel-Chinchilla Eduardo González Francisco A. Comín 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5247-5259
Constructing ponds to protect downstream ecosystems is a common practice in opencast coal mine reclamation. As these ponds remain integrated in the landscape, it is important to evaluate the extent of the effect of mine pollution on these ecosystems. However, this point has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. The main objective of this work was to explore the metal pollution in man-made ponds constructed for runoff control in reclaimed opencast coal mines over time. To do so, we evaluated the concentration of ten heavy metals in the water, sediment, and Typha sp. in 16 runoff ponds ranging from 1 to 19 years old that were constructed in reclaimed opencast coal mines of northeastern Spain. To evaluate degree of mining pollution, we compared these data to those from a pit lake created in a local unreclaimed mine and to local streams as an unpolluted reference, as well as comparing toxicity levels in aquatic organisms. The runoff ponds showed toxic concentrations of Al, Cu, and Ni in the water and As and Ni in the sediment, which were maintained over time. Metal concentrations in runoff ponds were higher than in local streams, and macrophytes showed high metal concentrations. Nevertheless, metal concentrations in water and sediment in runoff ponds were lower than those in the pit lake. This study highlights the importance of mining reclamation to preserve the health of aquatic ecosystems and suggests the existence of chronic metal toxicity in the ponds, potentially jeopardizing pond ecological functions and services. 相似文献
180.
Eduardo Girotto Carlos A. Ceretta Gustavo Brunetto Alcione Miotto Tadeu L. Tiecher Lessandro De Conti Cledimar R. Lourenzi Felipe Lorensini Paulo I. Gubiani Leandro S. da Silva Fernando T. Nicoloso 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):9051-9063
Grapevines grown on acid soils with low fertility in southern Brazil are treated with intense foliar applications of copper (Cu) fungicides, resulting in an increased level of Cu in the soil and increased toxicity. The present study evaluated the accumulation and bioavailability of Cu, and soils with varying levels of Cu from the main producing regions of southern Brazil were collected. The forms of Cu present in the soil were assessed using chemical extractants; additionally, oat cultivation was performed, reflecting the use of the plant as an indicator of Cu bioavailability. Cu accumulated in the topsoil, mainly in bioavailable forms, and there was also an increase of Cu up to a depth of 0.4 m. Cu was primarily found in the mineral fraction, with apparent saturation of the soil organic matter functional groups. Inceptisol and Alfisol soils with a long history of cupric fungicide application were found to have levels of Cu toxic to oat plants. Furthermore, accumulated copper in Alfisol soil from the Campanha Gaúcha region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul had higher bioavailability compared to Cu accumulated in Inceptisol soil from the Serra Gaúcha region. In addition, the copper concentration in roots was found to serve as an indicator of Cu bioavailability in soil, but not of copper phytotoxicity in plants. 相似文献