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731.
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Tropical and Temperate Agriculture: The need for a Full-Cost accounting of Global Warming Potentials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agriculture's contribution to radiative forcing is principally through its historical release of carbon in soil and vegetation to the atmosphere and through its contemporary release of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CHM4). The sequestration of soil carbon in soils now depleted in soil organic matter is a well-known strategy for mitigating the buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere. Less well-recognized are other mitigation potentials. A full-cost accounting of the effects of agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to quantify the relative importance of all mitigation options. Such an analysis shows nitrogen fertilizer, agricultural liming, fuel use, N2O emissions, and CH4 fluxes to have additional significant potential for mitigation. By evaluating all sources in terms of their global warming potential it becomes possible to directly evaluate greenhouse policy options for agriculture. A comparison of temperate and tropical systems illustrates some of these options. 相似文献
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733.
As the U.S. auto industry tries to remain competitive in the face of evolving environmental rules, the new administration is presented with the opportunity to achieve environmental and economic goals through an industry-government partnership. The authors suggest a policy of total environmental quality as a starting point. 相似文献
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736.
Peter K. Lagoy 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1992,2(3):331-340
The State of Washington's Model Toxics Control Act cleanup standards, argues the author, provide the best available strategy for setting and achieving cleanup goals. Besides Protecting human health and the natural environnment, Washington's guidelines, which took effect March 1, 1991, incorporate enough flexibility to handle site-specific, finaical, and tehnological considerations. This column outlines the law's three approaches for defining cleanup levels for groundwater, surface water, air, industrial soils, and nonindustrial soils, comparing these methods with related methods in California, New Jersey, and New York. 相似文献
737.
Peter E. Mudrack 《组织行为杂志》1992,13(1):81-88
Is a company's in-house fitness center perceived as a place to engage in ‘leisure ’activities that are distinct from ‘work’, or as an extension of normal ‘work ’activities? This exploratory study examined the possibility that Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) beliefs might influence the frequency with which employees use their company's exercise programs and facilities. If exercise programs are regarded as ‘leisure’, then PWE endorsers would likely not participate, but the reverse might be true to the extent that such programs are seen as ‘work’. A short survey was completed by 335 employees of a large Canadian corporation which maintained an in-house fitness center that had been in operation for 16 months. The sample was almost evenly divided between users and non-users of the facilities. Results indicated that PWE endorsement was positively related both to the frequency with which respondents visited their company's fitness center, and to the perception that exercise provided work-related benefits, and these findings suggest that on-the-job fitness is regarded more as a component of ‘work ’than of ‘leisure’. ‘A corporate fitness program is the hottest perk since the executive washroom ’(Hoffman and Hobson, 1984, p. 110). 相似文献
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739.
Peter Martin 《Environmental management》1991,15(6):773-783
Substantial land degradation of agricultural catchments in Australia has resulted from the importation of European farming
methods and the large-scale clearing of land. Rural communities are now being encouraged by government to take responsibility
for environmental care.
The importance of community involvement is supported by the view that environmental problems are a function of interactions
between people and their environment. It is suggested that the commonly held view that community groups cannot care for their
resources is due to inappropriate social institutions rather that any inherent disability in people.
The communicative catchment is developed as a vision for environmental care into the future. This concept emerges from a critique
of resource management through the catchment metaphors of the reduced, mechanical, and the complex, evolving catchment, which
reflect the development of systemic and people-centered approaches to environmental care. The communicative catchment is one
where both community and resource managers participate collaboratively in environmental care. A methodology based on action
research and systemic thinking (systemic action research) is proposed as a way of moving towards the communicative catchment
of the future. Action research is a way of taking action in organizations and communities that is participative and informed
by theory, while systemic thinking takes into account the interconnections and relationships between social and natural worlds.
The proposed vision, methodology, and practical operating principles stem from involvement in an action research project looking
at extension strategies for the implementation of total catchment management in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. 相似文献
740.
Luis Antonio Bojórquez-Tapia Peter F. Ffolliott D. Phillip Guertin 《Environmental management》1990,14(3):317-324
The current Mexican environmental law provides the legal basis for comprehensive land-use planning. Under the law, development
of natural ecosystems must combine goals, policies, and practices towards the sustainable use of natural resources and the
protection of biological diversity. Thus, ecosystem manipulation must be able to counter fragmentation of natural ecosystems
and isolation of natural reserves, while providing for human needs. Assessment of the potential of natural ecosystems and
management impacts are required. Multiple-resource simulation is an assessment and land-use planning tool that permits managers
and decision makers to comply with the law, providing a flexible, user-oriented system that can meet the needs of managers,
conservationists, and researchers. A multiple-resource model and an example of how it can be applied to meet planning needs
is presented for discussion. 相似文献