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排序方式: 共有165条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
31.
Benyei Petra Cohen Marianne Gresillon Etienne Angles Stéphane Araque-Jiménez Eduardo Alonso-Roldán María Espadas-Tormo Isidro 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(2):595-605
Regional Environmental Change - In the context of climate change, concern is raising about the negative effects of some pruning waste management practices. On the one hand, burning of pruning... 相似文献
32.
This paper presents a test scheme for assessing the biodegradation potential of polymers, starting with aquatic screening systems (aerobic and anaerobic) and continuing to long-term systems. At the end of the scheme the material has to prove its behavior under the relevant disposal conditions. Aerobic screening was performed mainly under aquatic conditions, but also in soil, using BOD-respirometry. Carbon balances were performed to obtain a better evaluation of the biodegradation potential. Under anaerobic conditions, biodegradation in an aquatic medium was followed by measuring CH4 and CO2 production. Polymers not fully degraded in the screening systems were tested in aquarium systems for at least 1 year. Biodegradation was followed by monitoring the DOC released in the water, mass loss, and microbial growth on the samples and in the water as well as via FTIR spectroscopy and SEM pictures. Results are presented for the polymers PHB, PHBV, PCL, Mater-Bi AI05H and ZF03U, and Bioceta. By combining the data from the screening with the aquarium system, a good picture of the degradation behavior of the polymers is obtained.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts. 相似文献
33.
Hohoff C Solmsdorff K Löttker P Kemme K Epplen JT Cooper TG Sachser N 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2002,89(10):462-465
A new species of wild guinea pigs from Bolivia was recently discovered: Galea sp. So far no data are available concerning its social and mating systems. We therefore investigated behavioural compatibility, sexual dimorphism, paternity in a male-competing situation, testicular and epididymal size, and sperm morphology and motility. The results showed a complete intrasexual and moderate intersexual behavioural incompatibility between unfamiliar animals, a reversed sexual dimorphism with females larger than males, and litters always fathered by single males. Furthermore, both the reproductive organ weights and the percentage of motile sperm and sperm with intact acrosomes were significantly lower compared with the promiscuous congeneric Galea musteloides. In summary, these data strongly suggest a monogamous social and mating system for the recently discovered Galea sp. 相似文献
34.
Gladbach A Gladbach DJ Kempenaers B Quillfeldt P 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1779-1789
Although studies on the evolution and function of female ornaments have become more numerous in the last years, the majority
of these studies were carried out in cases where female ornaments were a smaller and duller version of the ornaments found
in males. There are substantially fewer studies on species with female-specific ornaments. However, no study so far investigated
the potential of female-specific colouration as a quality signal in birds with conventional sex roles. We studied female-specific
ornamentation in a strongly sexually dichromatic species, the upland goose Chloephaga picta leucoptera, in two consecutive years. Male upland geese have white head and breast feathers and black legs, whereas females have reddish-brown
head and breast feathers and conspicuous yellow-orange legs. We found that female-specific colouration in upland geese can
reliably indicate different aspects of female phenotypic quality. Females with more orange coloured legs and more red-like
head colours had higher clutch and egg volumes than females with a paler leg and head colouration, and a more reddish plumage
colouration was related to a higher body condition. These relationships provide the theoretic possibility for males to assess
female phenotypic quality on the basis of colouration. Furthermore, the females with a more orange-like tarsus colouration
had higher plasma carotenoid levels. Both tarsus colouration and carotenoid concentrations of individual females were highly
correlated across years, indicating that tarsus colour is a stable signal. Despite this correlation, small individual differences
in plasma carotenoid concentrations between the two study years were related to differences in tarsus colouration. We thus
show for the first time in a wild bird and under natural conditions that carotenoid-based integument colouration remains consistent
between individuals in consecutive years and is also a dynamic trait reflecting individual changes in carotenoid levels. In
this species, where pairs form life-long bonds, the honesty of the carotenoid-based integument colouration suggests that it
may be a sexually selected female ornament that has evolved through male mate choice. 相似文献
35.
Petra Quillfeldt Javier Martínez Janos Hennicke Katrin Ludynia Anja Gladbach Juan F. Masello Samuel Riou Santiago Merino 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(9):809-817
Whereas some bird species are heavily affected by blood parasites in the wild, others reportedly are not. Seabirds, in particular,
are often free from blood parasites, even in the presence of potential vectors. By means of polymerase chain reaction, we
amplified a DNA fragment from the cytochrome b gene to detect parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus in 14 seabird species, ranging from Antarctica to the tropical Indian Ocean. We did not detect parasites in 11 of these species,
including one Antarctic, four subantarctic, two temperate, and four tropical species. On the other hand, two subantarctic
species, thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri and dolphin gulls Larus scoresbii, were found infected. One of 28 thin-billed prions had a Plasmodium infection whose DNA sequence was identical to lineage P22 of Plasmodium relictum, and one of 20 dolphin gulls was infected with a Haemoproteus lineage which appears phylogenetically clustered with parasites species isolated from passeriform birds such as Haemoproteus lanii, Haemoproteus magnus, Haemoproteus fringillae, Haemoproteus sylvae, Haemoproteus payevskyi, and Haemoproteus belopolskyi. In addition, we found a high parasite prevalence in a single tropical species, the Christmas Island frigatebird Fregata andrewsi, where 56% of sampled adults were infected with Haemoproteus. The latter formed a monophyletic group that includes a Haemoproteus line from Eastern Asian black-tailed gulls Larus crassirostris. Our results are in agreement with those showing that (a) seabirds are poor in hemosporidians and (b) latitude could be a
determining factor to predict the presence of hemosporidians in birds. However, further studies should explore the relative
importance of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on parasite prevalence, in particular using phylogenetically controlled comparative
analyses, systematic sampling and screening of vectors, and within-species comparisons. 相似文献
36.
Nils Reiche Falk Mothes Petra Fiedler Helko Borsdorf 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(9):7133-7144
Phytoscreening of phytoremediation-based plantings is discussed as a promising monitoring tool in literature. We developed and applied an analytical procedure for the in vivo sampling of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in the common reed (Phragmites australis) from a phytoremediation site highly polluted with MTBE. The approach uses solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with the SPME fibre directly introduced into the aerenchyma of the plant stem. For optimising the analytical procedure and estimating the capability of the proposed method, laboratory tests on the microcosm scale and field studies over one vegetation period were carried out. Furthermore, the results of in vivo SPME sampling were compared with those obtained with the traditional approach for analysing plants using dynamic headspace analysis. The MTBE signals detected within the plants were also correlated with the concentration in the water phase. The discussion of results showed the feasibility of the proposed method for a qualitative phytoscreening of volatile organic compounds present in wetland plants. 相似文献
37.
The fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius, occurs in ecologically very different habitat types (rainforest and dry forest) across Madagascar. Its extraordinary biological
characteristics, such as monogamy and long-term hibernation, allow us to investigate behavioral, ecological, and physiological
flexibility of this species in populations across different ecological environments. This study aims to determine whether
different life history and physiological traits show variation in adaptation to the differing ambient conditions or are conservative
and influenced more by the organism's evolutionary history. We compared body masses, life history traits, social organization,
and hibernation duration of two populations of C. medius, one from a littoral rainforest and one from the dry deciduous forest. We revealed clear geographical differences in the
length of hibernation duration as well as, more surprisingly, in life history traits. We found that this species' reproductive
strategies seem to be highly flexible. Animals in the rainforest can spend more time in the active state due to a shorter
hibernation period, but have, in general, a shorter life expectancy due to higher mortality rates. Hence, they seem to maximize
their total reproductive output with higher reproductive rates (larger litter sizes, greater number of litters). Home ranges
and social organization, on the other hand, did not vary between habitats, suggesting that the general requirements of this
species are independent of environmental conditions. In conclusion, some life history traits, formerly assumed to be genetically
fixed parameters of primate species, prove in fact to be highly flexible. Different populations of the same species show distinct
adaptations according to the prevailing conditions in order to maximize individual reproductive output. 相似文献
38.
Pierre Vollenweider Petra Bernasconi Hans-Peter GautschiTerry Menard Beat FreyMadeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):337-347
The phytoextraction potential of plants for removing heavy metals from polluted soils is determined by their capacity to store contaminants in aboveground organs and complex them safely. In this study, the metal compartmentation, elemental composition of zinc deposits and zinc complexation within leaves from poplars grown on soil with mixed metal contamination was analysed combining several histochemical and microanalytical approaches. Zinc was the only heavy metal detected and was stored in several organelles in the form of globoid deposits showing β-metachromasy. It was associated to oxygen anions and different cations, noteworthy phosphorous. The deposit structure, elemental composition and element ratios indicated that zinc was chelated by phytic acid ligands. Maturation processes in vacuolar vs. cytoplasmic deposits were suggested by differences in size and amounts of complexed zinc. Hence, zinc complexation by phytate contributed to metal detoxification and accumulation in foliage but could not prevent toxicity reactions therein. 相似文献
39.
Helena Parschová Petra Šlapáková Alena Uzlová Luděk Jelínek Eva Mištová 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):279-282
Three different sorbents based on hydrated ferric oxide (GEH, ArsenXnp and Lewatit FO 36) were compared from the viewpoints of their column operation. Particle size distribution, pressure drop
across the column and ferric oxide content were measured. Sorption capacities under the presence of accompanying ions were
measured in batch wise and column experiments. 相似文献
40.