Better estimates of soil carbon from geographical data: a revised global approach

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Soils hold the largest pool of organic carbon (C) on Earth; yet, soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoirs are not well represented in climate...     

垃圾填埋场区域氨氮污染地下水的修复方案比选

早期建设的简易生活垃圾填埋场的防渗措施不足,易发生渗漏,造成填埋场周围地下水的氨氮浓度升高。文章针对华中地区某垃圾填埋场区域氨氮污染地下水,提出抽取处理加异位生物修复、空气注入加原位生物修复两种修复方案,并采用AHP-TOPSIS(层次分析法-逼近理想排序)方法进行方案的比选。在建立合适的比选指标体系基础上,采用AHP-TOPSIS方法进行综合比选研究。结果表明,空气注入+原位生物修复技术更适合于该区域地下水的修复。TOPSIS方法由于缺乏确定评价指标权重的过程,在层次多元分析中的应用受到限制,而AHP是多层次多因素权重确定的有效工具,将二者结合起来,先由AHP确定指标权重,再运用TOPSIS对备选地下水修复方案进行排序,从而弥补了二者各自的不足。AHP-TOPSIS方法可作为环境工作者进行场地修复方案比选的有效工具。     

Decrease in air pollution load in urban environment of Bratislava (Slovakia) inferred from accumulation of metal elements in lichens

The study illustrates the response of epiphytic lichens to changing atmospheric conditions in Central Europe, where the emission of air pollutants has significantly decreased from 1990, in the area in and around Bratislava City. Variation in concentrations of seven metal elements (Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the thalli of Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes and Parmelia sulcata is assessed. Samples of these species were exposed in lichen bags in 39 sites throughout the territory of the city (more than 300 km(2)) during the period December 2006-February 2007. The samples were analyzed by AAS for metal element contents prior to and after exposure. The decrease in air pollution (for all studied elements by more than 90%) corresponded to a decrease in the accumulation of elements in lichen thalli, e.g. the contents of Pb decreased by 69% and of Cd by 34% on average. The results show also variations in accumulation between with different lichen species. The background values of metal element contents in thalli of H. physodes growing in situ were measured in semi-natural sites in Slovakia. It is suggested that these can be used as a reference in large-scale monitoring studies in Central Europe. Analysis of compatible data from the current study, and the study performed at the end of 1990s shows a significant decrease of metal elements in the air pollution load.     

隔油-共沉淀-Fenton预处理制药废水

采用隔油-共沉淀-Fenton法对含有大量的苯、甲苯、铝及苯甲酮的制药废水进行处理。经隔油处理,COD由147 490.8 mg/L降至139 518.4 mg/L,后通过调节pH值来去除大部分的铝离子,pH=7时效果最佳,COD大约降至10 000 mg/L。Fenton最佳氧化条件为:pH为7,H2O2的投加量为1.6 g/L,H2O2和Fe2+的投加量比为14,反应去除时间为5 h,在此条件下COD降为840 mg/L,去除效率为91.6%;Fenton氧化预处理后废水的可生化性也得到较大提高。     

巯基改性玉米秸秆吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的热力学特征研究

采用化学反应的合成方法向玉米秸秆中引入巯基官能团,并进行电镜扫描、红外光谱和X射线电子能谱分析.在此基础上,以巯基改性玉米秸秆为吸附剂,通过批处理试验讨论了吸附时间、体系pH和温度等因素对水体中Hg(Ⅱ)吸附的影响.结果表明,采用该合成方法可以成功地向玉米秸秆中引入0.98%的巯基官能团,巯基改性玉米秸秆对水体Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附最佳pH为6,吸附能在120min内达到平衡,在285K时对Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量可达80.04mg·g-1.吸附过程是自发的放热过程,可用Langmuir模型描述,其吸附机理可能为络合反应控制的化学吸附.研究表明,巯基改性玉米秸秆是一种对水体Hg(Ⅱ)具有良好吸附能力的生物吸附剂.     

突发大气环境污染事件应急处置阶段环境损害评估方法探索

以某天然气泄漏污染事件为例,构建了一套突发大气环境污染事件应急处置阶段环境损害的量化评估方法.从应急处置费用、生态环境损害两方面量化了该事件造成的环境污染损害.     

Life cycle assessment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket sludge management and activated sludge systems aiming energy use in the municipality of Itajubá, Minas Gerais,Brazil

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aimed to carry out the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) targeting to decide the better management system for sludge from both Activated Sludge...     

蒙脱石基絮凝剂处理染料废水

采用先酸活化蒙脱石、再加碱聚合的方法制备了蒙脱石基絮凝剂（PMT）,用于去除染料废水的TOC和色度。实验结果表明：PMT处理2BLN分散蓝、KNR活性艳兰、X-3B活性艳红模拟染料废水的最佳加入量分别为0．30。0．30,0．25g／L。在此最佳条件卜,2BLN分散蓝、KNR活性艳兰和X-3B活性艳红模拟染料废水的TOC去除率分别为77．0％,89．2％,39．5％,脱色率分别为41．2％,43．1％,57．4％。PMT对KNR活性艳兰和2BLN分散蓝实际染料废水的TOC去除率高于聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚合硫酸铁（PFS）,分别为91．6％和88．4％。但PMT对X-3B活性艳红实际染料废水的TOC去除率及对3种实际废水的脱色率均低于PAC和PFS。     

水解酸化工艺预处理混合型城市污水

采用水解酸化-厌氧-改良Carrousel氧化沟组合的脱氮除磷工艺,进行混合型城市污水处理的试验研究。在不同的水力停留时间(HRT)下,分别试验测定了水解酸化池进出水的各项指标。结果表明:最佳水力停留时间(HRT)为3 h,进水ρ(COD)为150～1 200 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)为12～40 mg/L、ρ(TN)为14～58 mg/L、ρ(TP)为1.7～4.2 mg/L,所对应的去除率COD为-29%～66%、NH3-N为-55%～33%、TN为-45%～69%、TP为-80%～66%。可见基于水解酸化工艺预处理可成功实现混合型城市污水中有机物的水解和酸化。     

聚合絮凝剂电解制备过程的极化特性研究

对于沙壤土柱实验，用ＴＤＲ结合土壤抽提液的溶质分析，研究了在非饱和灌溉条件下的硝化和ＮＯ＾－３的迁移，测得的土壤体电导率与土壤抽提液的电导率之比和土壤含水量成线性关系，籍此用ＴＤＲ可以确定非饱和灌溉条件下土壤中溶质浓度的变化规律；