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151.
Sarina J. Ergas Erich S. Hinlein Paul O. Reyes David W. Ostendorf J. Pierre Tehrany 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):118-124
ABSTRACT The overall objective of this research was to develop and test a method of determining emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases from soil surfaces. Soil vapor clusters (SVCs) were designed as a low dead volume, robust sampling system to obtain vertically resolved profiles of soil gas contaminant concentrations in the near surface zone. The concentration profiles, when combined with a mathematical model of porous media mass transport, were used to calculate the contaminant flux from the soil surface. Initial experiments were conducted using a mesoscale soil remediation system under a range of experimental conditions. Helium was used as a tracer and trichloroethene was used as a model VOC. Flux estimations using the SVCs were within 25% of independent surface flux estimates and were comparable to measurements made using a surface isolation flux chamber (SIFC). In addition, method detection limits for the SVC were an order of magnitude lower than detection limits with the SIFC. Field trials, conducted with the SVCs at a bioventing site, indicated that the SVC method could be easily used in the field to estimate fugitive VOC emission rates. Major advantages of the SVC method were its low detection limits, lack of required auxiliary equipment, and ability to obtain realtime estimates of fugitive VOC emission rates. 相似文献
152.
Coralie Biache Olivier Kouadio Catherine Lorgeoux Pierre Faure 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):11017-11026
This work investigated the impact of a clay mineral (bentonite) on the air oxidation of the solvent extractable organic matters (EOMs) and the PAHs from contaminated soils. EOMs were isolated from two coking plant soils and mixed with silica sand or bentonite. These samples, as well as raw soils and bentonite/soil mixtures, were oxidized in air at 60 and 100 °C for 160 days. Mineralization was followed by measuring the CO2 produced over the experiments. EOM, polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC), including PAH, contents were also determined. Oxidation led to a decrease in EOM contents and PAH concentrations, these diminutions were enhanced by the presence of bentonite. Transfer of carbon from EOM to insoluble organic matter pointed out a condensation phenomenon leading to a stabilization of the contamination. Higher mineralization rates, observed during the oxidation of the soil/bentonite mixtures, seem to indicate that this clay mineral had a positive influence on the transformation of PAC into CO2. 相似文献
153.
Mechanistic Virtual Modeling: Coupling a Plant Simulation Model with a Three-dimensional Plant Architecture Component 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Eric Jallas Ron Sequeira Pierre Martin Sam Turner Petraq Papajorgji 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(1):29-45
The aim of this research is to integrate plant architectural modeling or “visualization modeling” and “mechanistic” or physiologically
based modeling to describe how a real plant functions using a virtual crop. Virtual crops are life-like computer representations
of crops based on individual plants and including the representation of the substrate on which the plants grow. The integration
of a three-dimensional expression and the mechanistic model of plant development and growth requires the knowledge of the
position of the organs along the different plant axes (the topology), their sizes, their forms, and their spatial orientation.
The plant simulation model simulates the topology and organ weight or length. The superposition of spatial position and the
topology produces the architecture of the plant. The association between sizes and organs creates what we refer to as the
plant morphological model. Both components, the architectural model and the morphology model, are detailed in this paper.
Once the integration is complete, the system produces a movie-like animation that shows the plant growing. The integrated
model may simulate one or several plants growing simultaneously (in parallel). Visual capabilities make the proposed system
very unique as it allows users to judge the results of the simulation the same way a farmer judges the situation of the crops
in real life, by visually observing the field. 相似文献
154.
Extra-pair paternity in the monogamous Alpine marmot revealed by nuclear DNA microsatellite analysis 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Benoît Goossens Laurent Graziani Lisette P. Waits Etienne Farand Séverine Magnolon Jacques Coulon Marie-Claude Bel Pierre Taberlet Dominique Allainé 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,43(4-5):281-288
The genetic parentage and pedigrees of 35 litters from 12 family groups of monogamous Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) in the French Alps were analyzed using six hypervariable sequence repeat nuclear loci (microsatellites). All of the members
of these family groups were sampled during a 5-year period. Hairs taken directly from animals served as a source of DNA for
amplification of the loci. Our results indicate that the genetic mating system of the Alpine marmot is quite different from
a strictly monogamous breeding system. Extra-pair paternity occurred in 11 of the 35 litters (31.4%). Of the 134 juveniles
typed, 26 (19.4%) could be attributed to extra-pair copulation (EPC). We examine hypotheses which could explain the evolution
of EPC and discuss the different patterns of extra-pair mating.
Received: 11 July 1997 / Accepted after revision: 23 May 1998 相似文献
155.
Pierre Encontre 《Natural resources forum》1999,23(3):261-270
In spite of the wide diversity in the economic performance of small island developing states (SIDS), the apparent prosperity of several SIDS has entailed a global misrepresentation of the economic situation of these countries. While their vulnerability to natural disasters is not denied, the general risk of economic marginalization that many SIDS face in the context of globalization may not have received sufficient attention. The paper attempts to highlight what matters most in the consideration of the economic vulnerability of SIDS and in the debate to prevent their marginalization. It examines the main types of external shocks to which SIDS are vulnerable, and discusses the economic handicaps that are fundamental causes of this vulnerability. Economic specialization (with the predominance of international trade in services) is then a central notion in the analysis of island vulnerability: a better specialization, which may involve diversification and always implies greater international competitiveness, can reduce the exposure or vulnerability of SIDS to external shocks, and induce greater economic stability in these countries. Hence the importance of developing policies to circumvent the specific handicaps of islands and facilitate the realization of new trading opportunities through an emulative use of globalization forces. 相似文献
156.
157.
158.
Sauphanor B Franck P Lasnier T Toubon JF Beslay D Boivin T Bouvier JC Renou M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(6):449-458
The behavioral and electroantennographic responses of Cydia pomonella (L.) to the ripe pear volatile ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (Et-E,Z-DD), were compared in insecticide-susceptible and -resistant populations originating from southern France. A dose–response
relationship to this kairomonal attractant was established for antennal activity and did not reveal differences between susceptible
and resistant strains. Conversely, males of the laboratory strains expressing metabolic [cytochrome P450-dependent mixed-function
oxidases (mfo)] or physiological (kdr-type mutation of the sodium-channel gene) resistance mechanisms exhibited a significantly
higher response to Et-E,Z-DD than those of the susceptible strain in a wind tunnel experiment. No response of the females to this kairomone could be
obtained in our wind-tunnel conditions. In apple orchards, mfo-resistant male moths were captured at significantly higher
rates in kairomone-baited traps than in traps baited with the sex pheromone of C. pomonella. Such a differential phenomenon was not verified for the kdr-resistant insects, which exhibited a similar response to both
the sex pheromone and the kairomonal attractant in apple orchards. Considering the widespread distribution of metabolic resistance
in European populations of C. pomonella and the enhanced behavioral response to Et-E,Z-DD in resistant moths, the development of control measures based on this kairomonal compound would be of great interest for
the management of insecticide resistance in this species. 相似文献
159.
Johansson Clotilde Bataillard Philippe Biache Coralie Lorgeoux Catherine Colombano Stéfan Joubert Antoine Défarge Christian Faure Pierre 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(11):15966-15982
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Permanganate is an oxidant usually applied for in situ soil remediation due to its persistence underground. It has already shown great efficiency for... 相似文献
160.
Magalie Castelin Pierre Feutry Mélyne Hautecoeur Gérard Marquet Daisy Wowor Gabrielle Zimmermann Philippe Keith 《Marine Biology》2013,160(6):1395-1406
Due to the sparse and unstable nature of insular freshwater habitats, marine larval dispersal of amphidromous species is considered a critical element of population persistence. We assessed population genetic structure of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lar across its range that encompasses two biogeographic barriers: the vast open ocean separating Western and Central Pacific regions and the Indo-Malay archipelago separating Indian and Pacific oceans. A total of 173 samples collected from 21 islands throughout the Indo-Pacific were sequenced at 16S and 28S rDNA. We observed distinct genetic isolation of populations located at the eastern and southwestern edge of the species range but no evidence of an effect of the Indo-Pacific barrier. Differentiation patterns are consistent with a stepping-stone model of dispersal. Genetic differences of Central Pacific populations may reflect founder events associated with colonization of isolated islands, or be a signature of a past bottleneck after population depletion caused by drastic climatic events. 相似文献