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81.
Shilpa Varshney Priyanka Jain Shalini Srivastava 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(4):1446-1456
In this study, dl-malic acid and hydrogen peroxide were used as leaching agents to remove metals from e-waste (printed-circuit boards) and itaconic acid-grafted poly(vinyl alcohol)-encapsulated wood pulp (IA-g-PVA-en-WP) to uptake metals from leachate with high proficiency [11.63 mg g?1; 93.03 % for Cd(II), 11.90 mg g?1; 95.18 % for Pb(II), and 12.14 mg g?1; 97.08 % for Ni(II)]. Metals were recovered from the loaded biosorbent by desorption studies. The standard analytical techniques, such as elemental analysis, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, were used to characterize the recovering agent (biosorbent). At equilibrium, the metal uptake data were fitted to Langmuir and D–R isotherms (R 2 > 0.99) significantly, revealing, the homogeneous distribution of active sites on biosorbent’s backbone. The possible mechanism appeared to be ion exchanges of metal ions with H+ together with binding over functionalities (COO?). Dimensionless equilibrium parameter (R L) showed the favourability of metal uptake at lower concentration, while mean adsorption energy (E) certified the physical binding of metal on functionalities which was further confirmed by sticking probability and activation energy parameters. Reusability studies were also conducted to state the performance of biosorbent. 相似文献
82.
Alam Absar Kumar Jeetendra Sarkar Uttam Kumar Jha Dharm Nath Srivastava Saket Kumar Kumar Vijay Das Basanta Kumar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):13221-13241
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The present study evaluated the effectiveness of stocking the Gangetic carps, viz. Labeo catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala, in a large... 相似文献
83.
Jay Krishna Thakur P. K. Srivastava S. K. Singh Zoltán Vekerdy 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(1):133-144
Wetland ecosystems are of global significance having productive, regulatory and informative function. These wetlands are crucial
for the long-term protection of water sources, as well as the survival of its unique biodiversity. Most of the wetlands of
Turkey are now facing serious threat from the anthropogenic sources and now near to the verge of extinction. This study has
been carried out to monitor vegetation dynamics and ecological status of wetlands of Koyna basin at spatial and temporal scale.
This study has involved MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images of the year 2000, 2004 and 2008 on daily
basis with spatial resolution of 1 km. The MODIS 16 days composite NDVI time series products of 250-m spatial resolution from
year 2000 to 2008 has been utilized to monitor the ecological status of the wetlands. The European Nature Information System
habitat classification map, meteorological data (precipitation, temperature) coupled with field data has been utilized to
validate NDVI values of nine habitats in the wetlands. The time series analyses of NDVI data values have been correlated with
the groundwater level depth from 1996 to 2004. The overall analysis has shown a declining trend of NDVI over the year 2000
to 2008, indicated a degraded wetland condition in span of 9 years. 相似文献
84.
Kumelachew Mulu Loha Najam A. Shakil Jitendra Kumar Manish K. Singh Chitra Srivastava 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):687-691
In the present investigation, bioefficacy of developed β-cyfluthrin formulations, utilizing laboratory synthesized poly(ethylene glycols) based amphiphilic copolymers, were evaluated against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The bioefficacy data indicated that the formulations developed by utilizing polymers having PEG – 1500 (3c) and PEG – 2000 (3d) as the hydrophilic segment showed greater efficacy after 14 days as evident from EC50 values (2.2 and 1.58 mg L?1 respectively). Also, release from the commercial SC formulation was faster than developed formulations as the commercial formulation had the lowest EC50 value on the first day (0.51 mg L?1). The mean EC50 of the commercial formulation against C. maculatus was quite high as compared to those of developed formulations. The results suggest that depending upon the polymer matrix used, the application rate of β-cyfluthrin can be optimized to achieve insect control at the desired level and period. The results described in this paper are promising and provide a comparison of developed formulations with the commercial one showing an earlier degradation of β-cyfluthrin in the latter and relatively prolonged activity in the former. 相似文献
85.
Ravi K. Srivastava Robert E. Hall Sikander Khan Kevin Culligan Bruce W. Lani 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1367-1388
Abstract Recent regulations have required reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from electric utility boilers. To comply with these regulatory requirements, it is increasingly important to implement state-of-the-art NOx control technologies on coal-fired utility boilers. This paper reviews NOx control options for these boilers. It discusses the established commercial primary and secondary control technologies and examines what is being done to use them more effectively. Furthermore, the paper discusses recent developments in NOx controls. The popular primary control technologies in use in the United States are low-NOx burners and overfire air. Data reflect that average NOx reductions for specific primary controls have ranged from 35% to 63% from 1995 emissions levels. The secondary NOx control technologies applied on U.S. coal-fired utility boilers include reburning, selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Thirty-six U.S. coal-fired utility boilers have installed SNCR, and reported NOx reductions achieved at these applications ranged from 15% to 66%. Recently, SCR has been installed at >150 U.S. coal-fired utility boilers. Data on the performance of 20 SCR systems operating in the United States with low-NOx emissions reflect that in 2003, these units achieved NOx emission rates between 0.04 and 0.07 lb/106 Btu. 相似文献
86.
Chun W. Lee Ravi K. Srivastava S. Behrooz Ghorishi Thomas W. Hastings Frank M. Stevens 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1560-1566
Abstract Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology increasingly is being applied for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal-fired boilers. Some recent field and pilot studies suggest that the operation of SCR could affect the chemical form of mercury (Hg) in coal combustion flue gases. The speciation of Hg is an important factor influencing the control and environmental fate of Hg emissions from coal combustion. The vanadium and titanium oxides, used commonly in the vanadia-titania SCR catalyst for catalytic NOx reduction, promote the formation of oxidized mercury (Hg2+). The work reported in this paper focuses on the impact of SCR on elemental mercury (Hg0) oxidation. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate Hg0 oxidation in the presence of simulated coal combustion flue gases and under SCR reaction conditions. Flue gas mixtures with different concentrations of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for simulating the combustion of bituminous coals and subbituminous coals were tested in these experiments. The effects of HCl and SO2 in the flue gases on Hg0 oxidation under SCR reaction conditions were studied. It was observed that HCl is the most critical flue gas component that causes conversion of Hg0 to Hg2+ under SCR reaction conditions. The importance of HCl for Hg0 oxidation found in the present study provides the scientific basis for the apparent coal-type dependence observed for Hg0 oxidation occurring across the SCR reactors in the field. 相似文献
87.
88.
Aniza K. Verma Avanish K. Srivastava Beer Singh Dilip Shah Smriti Shrivastava Chandra Kant P. Shinde 《Chemosphere》2013,90(8):2254-2260
1-(4-Chlorophenyl))-N-hydroxymethanimine and cyclohexyl-N-hydroxymethanimine were synthesized and a well-established oxime, i.e., 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride was purchased. Thereafter; all were loaded over Al2O3 using incipient wetness technique. The prepared systems were characterized using surface area analyzer, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and thermogravimetric analyzer. Kinetics of the degradation of sarin (GB) and simulant, i.e. diethylchlorophosphate (DEClP) was studied over synthesized oxime impregnated Al2O3 and results were compared with well reported oxime impregnated Al2O3. Kinetics of reaction was found to be following the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. The order of reactivity of the prepared systems was found to be cyclohexyl-N-hydroxymethanimine/Al2O3 > 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxymethanimine/Al2O3 > 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride/Al2O3 > Al2O3. From the reaction kinetics it was observed that the reaction with DEClP was faster than with GB. Cyclohexyl-N-hydroxymethanimine/Al2O3 was found to be the most reactive system with half-life of 0.94 and 15 h for DEClP and GB respectively. 相似文献
89.
Characterization and pollutant removal efficiency of biochar derived from baggase,bamboo and tyre 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Ramola T. Mishra G. Rana R. K. Srivastava 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):9023-9039
Conversion of broad-spectrum organic waste into carbonaceous biochar has gained enormous interest in past few years. The present study aims to characterize feedstock (FS), i.e. bagasse (Bg), bamboo (Bm) and biochar (BC), i.e. baggase biochar (BBg), bamboo biochar (BBm) and tyre biochar (Ty). Significant changes in elemental composition, atomic ratio, proximate analyses, mineral content and heavy metal content were observed which was well supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Impregnation with ferric hydroxide was done, and resultant modified biochars (MBC), i.e. iron-impregnated baggase biochar (FeBBg), iron-impregnated bamboo biochar (FeBBm) and iron-impregnated tyre biochar (FeTy), along feedstock and biochar were used for PO4 3?, Pb, Hg and Cu adsorption. In general, BBg, FeBBg, BBm, FeBBm, Ty and FeTy were found to adsorb PO4 3?, Pb, Hg and Cu better than Bg and Bm, except in few cases. Results from adsorption experiments were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of isotherms and pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich models of kinetics. Result of batch study adsorption revealed that maximum adsorption of PO4 3?, Pb, Hg and Cu was done by FeBBg (adsorption mechanism explained by Freundlich model), FeTy (Temkin model), Ty (Langmuir model) and BBm (Langmuir model) respectively. According to R 2 values, pseudo-first-order reaction was well suited to PO4 3?, Pb, Hg and Cu adsorption. The optimum pH for maximum adsorption was observed to be 7.4 for PO4 3?, 5 for Cu and 6 for Pb and Hg respectively 相似文献
90.
J. K. Saha A. K. Sharma Ajay Srivastava 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2349-2356
This study was carried out in three different cities of western Madhya Pradesh (India) to investigate the effects of long-term irrigation with industrial waste water (IWW), contaminated groundwater (CGW), and untreated municipal sewage water (USW) on soil fertility as well as on wheat crop yield. Irrigation with these three types of polluted water increased organic matter content as well as contents of available P (with IWW and USW only), available K, available S, available Zn, available Cu (IWW only), and available Mn (IWW and CGW only). The magnitude of improvement in soil fertility status was the highest in the case of USW, followed by IWW and finally, by CGW. Concentrations of Na in wheat leaf tissue increased by 198 and 58 % whereas concentrations of Ca decreased significantly by 16 and 13 % due to the use of IWW and CGW, respectively, resulting in poor Ca nutrition to the crop. Although wheat grain yield increased considerably due to USW, the same recorded significant decreases with IWW and CGW. In spite of the enhancement in the available nutrient status, decrease in wheat grain yield with the use of IWW and CGW could be due to the build-up of salts in the soil and an imbalance in the Na/Ca ratio in wheat crops irrigated with IWW and CGW. The adverse effect on wheat productivity was more pronounced with IWW as compared to CGW. 相似文献