Bi-national assessment of the Great Lakes: SOLEC partnerships

Many administrative jurisdictions have authority over parts of the Great Lakes, sometimes with competing purposes as well as governance at differing scales of time and space. As demand increases for high quality information that is relevant to environmental managers, environmental and natural resource agencies with limited budgets must look to interdisciplinary, collaborative approaches for the collection, analysis and reporting of data. The State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conferences (SOLEC) were begun in 1994 in response to reporting requirements of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the U.S. The biennial conferences provide independent, science-based reporting on the state of health of the Great Lakes ecosystem components. A suite of indicators necessary and sufficient to assess Great Lakes ecosystem status was introduced in 1998, and assessments based on a subset of the indicators were presented in 2000. Because SOLEC is a multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional reporting venue, the SOLEC indicators require acceptance by a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the Great Lakes basin. The SOLEC indicators list is expected to provide the basis for government agencies and other organizations to collaborate more effectively and to allocate resources to data collection, evaluation and reporting on the state of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem.     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

我国尖音库蚊种团抗药性现状——兼论半数致死剂量与区分剂量的关系

本文报告我国尖音库蚊种团幼虫对六种杀虫剂近年发生抗性情况,共调查16省市的32个地区。结果多数地区对有机磷酯类的敌百虫发生抗性,对马拉硫磷和杀螟硫磷抗性区较小,程度亦较低。对二二三抗药也较普遍。结果都用LC_(50)和WHO的抗性等级表示。     

不同水解方法对土壤中性糖和氨基糖含量测定的影响

碳水化合物是土壤有机质的重要组成成分,其含量和特性对土壤性质有很大的影响。水解试剂的选择对土壤碳水化合物测定的准确度有着至关重要的影响,文章首次研究了不同水解方法测定土壤中性糖和氨基糖含量的差异。结果表明,中性糖的最佳水解条件为4mol·L-1三氟乙酸(TFA)在105℃下水解4h,氨基糖的最佳水解条件为6mol·L-1HCl在105℃下水解8h。此外文章实现了8种中性糖(核糖、鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖)和4种氨基糖(氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖、氨基甘露糖和胞壁酸)同时在DM-1毛细管气相色谱柱上的基线分离且本方法具有一定的精密度和准确度。该实验的研究将为土壤中性糖和氨基糖的同时分析提供一定的技术支持和理论基础。     

我国机动车污染防治2007年行业技术发展综述

本文综述了"十一五"以来我国机动车污染防治行业的主要技术开发应用情况,分析评价了行业技术的研究热点及主要工艺配套设备的开发应用水平;归纳了机动车污染防治技术的开发重点.     

我国水污染治理行业2007年技术发展综述

本文在对行业重点水污染治理企业调查的基础上,综述了2007年我国水污染治理行业的技术开发应用情况、技术研究热点及发展趋势,并对存在的主要问题提出了对策建议.     

磺酰脲类除草剂的残留分析

磺酰脲类除草剂是一类新型超高效除草剂，大约包括２Ｖ化合物，已被广泛用于禾谷作物防除阔叶杂草以及某些禾本科杂草，该类除草剂在环境中的残留浓度〈１μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１水平。常规的分析方法包括生物鉴定，酶免疫分析，气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）、ＨＰＬＣ／ＭＳ联用后，可以准确测定复杂环境样中磺酰脲类除草剂的痕量残留。     

火灾演化、整体火安全和火灾蔓延

本在介绍了自然火灾演化过程及关荷载如何确定后,对建筑整体火安全概念进行了讨论,包括火灾时居民和消防人员的安全性、自然抗火时间、结构火安全设计和财产损失。对结构破坏后的火蔓延计算及标准热荷载的应用也进行了讨论和介绍。     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

对南京市发展绿色经济的思考

简述了发展绿色经济的重要性,指出了南京市发展绿色经济的有利条件及存在问题。提出,南京发展绿色经济,必须树立绿色发展理念,推动科学发展实践;制定绿色发展战略,推进可持续发展;支持绿色技术研发,培育新经济增长点;打造绿色优势产业,促进结构向高端转型;倡导绿色消费行为,推进资源节约、环境友好型社会建设;建立健全绿色制度,提供经济社会发展保障。