煤化工不同浓度含盐废水相对蒸发率的试验研究

煤化工含盐废水的自然蒸发工艺是浓缩高盐废水无害化处理的重要方法之一。与淡水的蒸发不同,含盐废水的蒸发不仅受气温、湿度、风速等外部因素的影响,也受到废水溶解物质及其离子、分子间相互作用等内部因素的影响,但逐个考察影响含盐废水蒸发速率的各个因素与蒸发速率的关系比较困难。通过煤化工不同浓度含盐废水的蒸发试验,找出了含盐废水相对蒸发速率与TDS、密度及盐度之间的关系,对煤化工行业蒸发池的运行管理具有一定的参考价值。     

Growth responses of the newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As under joint stress of Cd and As

Rorippa globosa has been identified as a newly-found Cd-hyperaccumulating species. In the present study, growth responses of Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As were examined under joint stress of Cd and As. The results showed that Cd and As had an antagonistic effect on enhancing the growth of Rorippa globosa plants and Cd uptake and accumulation under the low concentration Cd and As treatments. When the concentration of Cd in the soil was 10 mg/kg and the concentration of As was 50 mg/kg, the highest growing height of the plant was up to 35.9 cm and the dry weight of the shoots was up to 2.2 g/pot, respectively. Meanwhile, the accumulation of Cd in the leaves under the joint stress was higher than that at the same level under single Cd pollution. However, there were synergic adverse effects on plant growth and Cd uptake under the combined pollution from a high concentration of Cd and As. Meanwhile, the accumulation of As in the roots was greater than that in the shoots, the translocation factor (TF) was ?0.3 and the bioaccumulation factor (BF) was ?0.6, thus showing that Rorippa globosa had an excluding effect on As uptake. These results confirmed that Rorippa globosa had a strong tolerant ability to the joint stress of Cd and As, and the potential for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by Cd and As.     

基于数量化理论Ⅱ的鄂西北山区坡面土壤侵蚀强度评价

水土流失既是资源问题，又是生态环境问题。土壤侵蚀对人类生存和发展构成了严重威胁，成为制约可持续发展的障碍因素。以鄂西北丹江口库区郧西县坡面径流小区为试验点，通过分析小区的实地观测数据，建立坡面土壤侵蚀定性评价指标体系，并将数量化理论II作为有效的数学方法，建立郧西县坡面径流小区土壤侵蚀强度评价模型，对参与建立模型的样本进行回归分析，其准判率达到800%以上，并且利用该模型对其他年份坡面土壤侵蚀强度实测数据进行对比验证，得到土壤侵蚀强度分级的精度较高。研究表明，建立的郧西县坡面径流小区土壤侵蚀强度评价模型有较好的适用性与可靠性，可为郧西县及类似自然地理环境的其他区域水保工作起到一定指导意义     

一株对二甲苯降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性

以对二甲苯为惟—碳源和能源,从某石化废水处理厂活性污泥中筛选得到一株对二甲苯降解菌株.生理生化实验、16S rDNA基因鉴定结果表明,该菌属于假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).通过对降解过程的动力学分析可知,该菌对底物的降解过程符合零级动力学特征,在初始对二甲苯质量浓度为800 mg/L时,降解速率常数最大,达18.43 mg/(L·h).在降解温度为30 ℃、废水pH为7.5、摇床转速为150 r/min的条件下,将5 mL菌液投加至32 mL对二甲苯质量浓度分别为840 mg/L和830 mg/L的焦化废水和石化废水中,降解84 h后基本无对二甲苯检出.     

辽宁省典型城市道路尘PM2.5成分谱研究

为构建辽宁省典型城市道路尘源成分谱，分别采集了鞍山市和盘锦市道路尘样品，分析了其化学组分特征，用富集因子法和比值法分析了其主要来源，用分歧系数法分析了两个城市成分谱的相似度.结果表明：盘锦市和鞍山市道路尘PM_2.5中的化学组成以有机碳组分（OC）和地壳类元素（Al、Ca、Mg、Fe和K）为主.除Cu和V元素外，其余元素均表现为鞍山市的富集因子大于盘锦市.由比值法可得，盘锦市和鞍山市OC/EC分别为（13.20±6.26）和（3.94±0.63），均存在二次污染现象；NO₃^-/SO₄^2-的均值分别为（0.52±0.55）和（0.46±0.13），说明其道路尘PM_2.5受固定源影响更大.盘锦市与鞍山市道路尘成分谱分歧系数为0.354，说明两个源成分谱可能相似.     

投加EM菌处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

向污泥中投加EM菌处理高浓度垃圾渗滤液,以常规的微生物处理为对照.以COD为考察目标,探讨了在好氧条件下处理时,各种条件因素(温度、时间、pH、污泥负荷等)对处理效果的影响以及投加EM茵对处理出水COD分子量分布的影响.结果表明,在一定的好氧条件下处理渗滤液时,试验组和对照组的处理效果差异显著.试验组在最佳的好氧条件下可使COD的去除率达到72.5%,高于对照组26.3%.在好氧条件下处理渗滤液.试验组出水中小分子COD的比例高于对照组.     

北美自由贸易区和欧盟的环境政策：趋向,启示与对策

以北美自由贸易区和欧盟为代表的区域性经济集团已在经济利益与环境保护挂钩的制度性安排方面取得诸多进展，它们不同程度地在机构设置、协定条款、资金安排等方面强化了环境要求，并在国际环境公约的执行上表现出积极、灵活的特点。这一切都将为未来多边经济体系中环境问题的协商和解决开辟了新的途径， 也为我国在实施可持续发展过程中的环境制度化建设提供可鉴之处。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.