污水污泥低温热解处理技术研究

污水污泥低温热解是一种发展中的能量回收型污泥热化学处理技术。本研究对此过程进行了间歇实验研究,取得了最高能量回收率时的反应条件。以此为基础并结合文献数据,讨论了过程的能量平衡影响因素和经济估算问题。结果表明,最优反应条件为：反应温度270℃,停留时间30min;全过程能量平衡主要受脱水泥饼含水率影响,临界含水率78%;过程处理成本低于焚烧法。     

模拟降雨作用桩锚-加筋土组合结构加固边坡研究

桩锚—加筋土组合支挡结构在治理大型复杂滑坡中发挥越来越重要的角色。以某高填方山区机场滑坡为原型,进行降雨作用对桩锚—加筋土组合支挡结构加固边坡稳定性的模型试验研究。结果表明:①桩顶位移随注水时间产生三个阶段的变化:初期平缓发展阶段、突变增加阶段、再次平缓发展阶段。后排悬臂式桩桩顶位移变化量明显大于前排埋入式桩,因此,多排锚索抗滑桩加固边坡设计时,在后排桩悬臂情况下,宜考虑后排桩比前排桩截面尺寸大、锚索间距小来减小其桩顶位移,增强坡体稳定性;②填方边坡位移随注水时间变化,坡顶一级边坡位移量最大,随边坡级数增加,位移量减小,因此多级边坡加固可适当增加边坡锚索框架;③填方坡体沉降量随注水时间表现出后缘大、前缘小的趋势;④加筋土的变形与边坡坡体的变形一致,表明加筋土能够增强填方边坡的整体性;⑤各监测曲线最终均趋于平缓,表明桩、锚和加筋土组合支挡结构体系性能发挥良好。     

长光路傅立叶变换红外光谱技术研究氯氟烃替代物与氢氧自由基反应速率常数

利用长光路傅立叶变换红外光谱技术（LP－FTIR）,用相对速率方法研究大气中氯氟烃替代物HFC152a（CHF₂CH₃）和HCFC22（CHClF₂）与OH自由基反应速率常数,用紫外光照射O₃和H₂O的方法产生OH自由基。实验测定了700Tor大气压力和常温（298±2k）下的反应速率常数值：k（HFCl52a＋OH）＝（2.90±0.09）×10^－14cm₃·molecule^－1．S^－1,k（HCFC22＋OH）＝（3.80±0.24）×10^－15cm3．Molecule^－1．S^－1,统计误差为2σ     

四氯联苯对鸡外源原始生殖细胞迁移的影响

为了研究环境污染物四氯联苯对移植的原始生殖细胞增殖性迁移的影响,将发育至14期的供体鸡胚原始生殖细胞用PKH26荧光染料标记,然后移植到经过四氯联苯处理的受体鸡胚生殖新月区域,继续孵化,检测其迁移和增殖情况.结果表明,和对照组相比,四氯联苯可明显降低移植原始生殖细胞在血液和性腺中的数量;四氯联苯对外源性原始生殖细胞迁移有明显影响,但雌二醇对外源性原始生殖细胞的增殖性迁移无明显影响,揭示四氯联苯可能影响的是受体性腺的诱引物质,且这种影响是非雌激素样的作用.     

急上高原人员疏散速度修正的台阶试验研究

为解决高原铁路隧道人员安全疏散问题,基于台阶试验对急上高原人员运动能力进行研究,并基于现场测试、理论分析、资料调研等对不同海拔高度处急上高原人员疏散速度基础参数进行研究.结果表明:得出平原世居者在急上高原时的运动能力下降规律,并通过对比不同拟合类型,得出急上高原者在不同海拔下人员疏散速度折减系数公式;基于海拔和坡度对人...     

The effects of autophagy in rat tracheal epithelial cells induced by silver nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The massive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is potentially harmful to exposed humans. Although previous studies have found that AgNPs can induce...     

Markers of oxidative stress and toxicant exposure among young waterpipe smokers in the USA

Waterpipe (aka hookah) tobacco smokers are exposed to toxicants that can lead to oxidative DNA and RNA damage, a precursor to chronic disease formation. This study assessed toxicant exposure and biomarkers of DNA [8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)] and RNA [8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo)] oxidative damage during smoking of flavored and non-flavored waterpipe tobacco. Thirty waterpipe smokers completed two counterbalanced 2-h lab waterpipe smoking sessions (flavored vs. non-flavored waterpipe tobacco). Urinary concentrations of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo and expired carbon monoxide (eCO) were measured before and after the smoking sessions. A significant increase in the urinary concentrations of 8-oxodG (from 2.12 ± 0.83 to 2.35 ± 0.91 ng/mg creatinine, p = 0.024) and 8-oxoGuo (from 2.96 ± 0.84 to 3.45 ± 0.76 ng/mg creatinine, p = 0.003) were observed after smoking the non-flavored and flavored waterpipe tobacco, respectively. Our results also showed that the mean ± SD of eCO increased significantly after smoking the flavored (from 1.3 ± 1.1 to 20.3 ± 23.6 ppm, p < 0.001) and non-flavored waterpipe tobacco (from 1.8 ± 1.2 to 24.5 ± 26.1 ppm, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the means of 8-oxodG (p = 0.576), 8-oxoGuo (p = 0.108), and eCO (p = 0.170) between the flavored and non-flavored tobacco sessions. Smoking non-flavored and flavored waterpipe tobacco leads to oxidative stress and toxicant exposure. Our findings add to the existing evidence about the adverse effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and the need for strong policies to inform and protect young people from the risks of WTS.

     

Nitrogen removal performance and bacterial communities in zeolite trickling filter under different influent C/N ratios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the degradation performance of nutrients in zeolite trickling filter (ZTF) with different influent C/N ratios and aeration conditions...     

Polystyrene nanoplastics affect growth and microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa

Nanoplastics are widely distributed in freshwater environments, but few studies have addressed their effects on freshwater algae, especially on harmful algae. In this study, the effects of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) growth, as well as microcystin (MC) production and release, were investigated over the whole growth period. The results show that PS nanoplastics caused a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on M. aeruginosa growth and a dose-dependent increase in the aggregation rate peaking at 60.16% and 46.34%, respectively, when the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L. This caused significant growth of M. aeruginosa with a specific growth rate up to 0.41 d^?1 (50 mg/L PS nanoplastics). After a brief period of rapid growth, the tested algal cells steadily grew. In addition, the increase in PS nanoplastics concentration promoted the production and release of MC. When the PS nanoplastic concentration was 100 mg/L, the content of the intracellular (intra-) and extracellular (extra-) MC increased to 199.1 and 166.5 μg/L, respectively, on day 26, which was 31.4% and 31.1% higher, respectively, than the control. Our results provide insights into the action mechanism of nanoplastics on harmful algae and the potential risks to freshwater environments.

     

Exploring the spatial-temporal variations and policy-based driving force behind groundwater contamination and remediation research in past decades

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater has been recognized as one of the most critical and vulnerable natural sources which is utilized in potable water supply, agricultural...