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61.
Conflict on the Coast: Using Geographic Information Systems to Map Potential Environmental Disputes in Matagorda Bay,Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brody SD Highfield W Arlikatti S Bierling DH Ismailova RM Lee L Butzler R 《Environmental management》2004,34(1):11-25
The sustainable management of coastal natural resources inevitably involves identifying stakeholder conflicts and developing planning processes that prevent these conflicts from becoming intractable disputes. This study links environmental conflict to specific areas within a large ecological system. Specifically, we use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map potentially competing stakeholder values associated with establishing protected areas in Matagorda Bay, Texas. By overlaying multiple values associated with a range of stakeholders across space, we are able to identify hotspots of potential conflict as well as areas of opportunity for maximizing joint gains. Mapping stakeholder conflict is an approach to proactively locate potential controversy in response to a specific environmental management proposal and guide decision makers in crafting planning processes that mitigate the possibility of intractable disputes and facilitate the implementation of sustainable coastal policies. Results indicate that under different management scenarios, protected area proposals will generate more conflict in specific areas. Most notably, regulated uses would produce the greatest degree of conflict on or near shore, particularly at the mouth of the Colorado River. Additionally, of all the management scenarios evaluated, the prohibition of coastal structural development would generate the overall highest level of conflict within the Bay. Based on the results, we discuss the policy implications for environmental managers and provide guidance for future research on location-based conflict management within the coastal margin. 相似文献
62.
Regionally specific sustainability processes that account for diverse environments and populations and that integrate social, economic, political and ecological spheres are being developed in Western Australia. A coordinated commitment to sustainability principles and a participatory philosophy by the state and local governments is necessary. This requires a transformation of the public service, from a director of passive programmes and laws to a facilitator of community projects and outcomes, towards an enabling state. An international participatory paradigm provides an array of concepts and methods for local and regional communities in partnership with government and industry to achieve this. Participatory methodologies are utilised successfully around the globe to create an institutional framework that facilitates a process of dialogue, partnership, networking, learning and managing change. This paper examines the potential contribution of a participatory approach to improve the participatory capacity of regional communities and both local and state governments towards the facilitation of regional sustainability processes. 相似文献
63.
California and other regions in the United States are becoming more populated and ethnically diverse, and thus, ecological
impacts on the wildland–urban interface are a significant policy concern. In a socioeconomic assessment focused on the geographic
regions surrounding four national forests in southern California, population projections are being formulated to assist in
the update of forest plans. In southern California, the projected trend of explosive population growth combined with increased
ethnic and racial diversity indicates four challenges for environmental management. First, patterns of recreation use on wildlands
are likely to change, and management of these areas will have to address new needs. Second, as land-management agencies face
changing constituencies, new methods of soliciting public involvement from ethnic and racial groups will be necessary. Third,
growth in the region is likely to encroach upon wildland areas, affecting water, air, open space, and endangered species.
Fourth, in order to address all these concerns in a climate of declining budgets, resource management agencies need to strengthen
collaborative relationships with other agencies in the region. How environmental managers approach these changes has widespread
implications for the ecological sustainability of forests in southern California. 相似文献
64.
Edmund Green Rachel Donnelly 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(2):140-144
引言 建立海洋保护区的好处[1]是众所周知的,特别是对于珊瑚礁来说.通过理论上完全禁止在选定海域内进行任何形式的捕鱼活动,由此对捕鱼压力的降低一般可以保持以往目标鱼类[2~4]种群的数量和多样性,导致原来从渔场中消失的物种重新出现[5],而且大大提高大型掠食性鱼类的数量[6]. 相似文献
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67.
Given that no specific provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act explicitly deal with psychosocial risk factors, in Québec, occupational health and safety inspectors employed by the Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CSST) address psychosocial hazards under the Act’s general duty clause. This general duty clause and related provisions require that all employers eliminate hazards at source and protect the health of workers. More specifically, they are required to ensure that the organisation of work does not adversely affect the safety or health of the worker. Since 2004, Québec minimum standards legislation has also provided for the right of workers to an environment that is free from psychological harassment.Written from both a legal and public health perspective, this paper has two primary objectives: first, to better understand the potential and limits of the current legislative framework for the protection of the mental health of workers and second, to describe how scientific knowledge related to high risk situations for the mental health of workers might inform interventions by inspectors for the protection of workers’ mental health. 相似文献
68.
David P. Angel Samuel Attoh David Kromm Jennifer Dehart Rachel Slocum Stephen White 《Local Environment》2013,18(3):263-277
Abstract What can local case studies contribute to our understanding of the processes underlying the growth in greenhouse gas emissions? Since much abatement and mitigation are local in character, it is important that policy makers identify the mix of local, national and international processes that contribute to changes in greenhouse gas emissions. Drawing upon the results of case studies in Kansas, North Carolina and Ohio, how patterns of emissions in local areas can be connected analytically to the driving forces of environmental change is demonstrated. Emissions at the local level are empirically associated with the same set of trends found at national and international scale, namely, changes in population, affluence‐consumption and technology. 相似文献
69.
Stuart H Ibarra C Abdallah MA Boon R Neels H Covaci A 《Environment international》2008,34(8):1170-1175
Average concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust in 30 homes, 18 offices, and 20 cars were 260,000, 31,000, and 340,000 ng SigmaPBDEs g(-1) respectively. Concentrations of BDEs 47, 99, 100, and 154 in cars exceeded significantly (p<0.05) those in homes and offices. Average concentrations of 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBE) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in homes, offices, and cars respectively were lower at 120, 7.2, and 7.7 ng g(-1) (TBE) and 270, 170, and 400 ng g(-1) (DBDPE). BDE-209 concentrations in three samples are the highest to date at 2,600,000 (car), 2,200,000 (home), and 1,400,000 ng g(-1) (home). UK toddlers daily consuming 200 mg dust contaminated at the 95th percentile concentration, ingest 180 ng (Sigma)tri-hexa-BDEs and 310 microg BDE-209 day(-1). For TBE, exposure was lower than for PBDEs and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), while that for DBDPE was similar in magnitude to (Sigma)tri-hexa-BDEs, but less than for BDE-209 and HBCDs. BDE-209 concentrations recorded in ten samples taken at monthly intervals in one room varied 400-fold, implying caution when using single measurements of dust contamination for exposure assessment. Significant negative correlation was observed in one room between concentrations of BDE-47, 99, and 153 and dust loading (g dust m(-2) floor), suggesting "dilution" occurs at higher dust loadings. 相似文献
70.
Shelled molluscs frequently exhibit a record of damage on exterior surfaces that can evidence past predation attempts and
may affect survival and growth. In South Carolina populations of the ribbed marsh mussel, Geukensia demissa, >90% of the individuals and up to 60% of the total shell area are damaged. A trend toward greater amounts of damage occurred
on mid-marsh compared to oyster reef mussels from the barrier beach side of inlets. Shell damage effects on survivorship and
shell and tissue growth were assessed seasonally during multi- and single-season field experiments. Mussels from a common
mid-marsh site were divided into size classes (~50 or 70 mm), treated to create two damage levels (undamaged and damaged),
and replaced within mid-marsh exclusion cages to minimize additional shell damage. In both multi- and single-season experiments
increased shell damage resulted in significantly greater mortality. Linear shell growth was unaffected by increased damage,
but 50 mm mussels grew twice as fast. Shell mass increased 16–50% in the multi-season and single-season winter period, but
decreased 7–12% during the single-season summer period. Tissue mass significantly decreased 31–43% in 50 mm damaged mussels,
but increased by 33% for 70 mm mussels in both multi-season and the single-season winter period experiments. Shell damage
did reduce tissue mass 43% in 70 mm single-season summer mussels. Experimental results indicate shell damage from a simulated
increase in predation can affect negatively both survival and growth of marsh mussels. Seasonal timing of shell damage and
initial mussel size also influenced the effects of sublethal predation on shell and tissue growth. The previously unrecognized
importance of sublethal predation and the resultant significant negative effects of shell damage on survival and growth will
affect the distribution and population dynamics of G. demissa in coastal marshes and will influence the overall contribution of ribbed mussels to estuarine ecosystems. 相似文献