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21.
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by fungal enzymes: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tayssir Kadri Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Maximiliano Cledon Saurabhjyoti Sarm Mausam Verma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):52-74
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of chemicals. They represent an
important concern due to their widespread distribution in the environment, their
resistance to biodegradation, their potential to bioaccumulate and their harmful effects.
Several pilot treatments have been implemented to prevent economic consequences and
deterioration of soil and water quality. As a promising option, fungal enzymes are regarded
as a powerful choice for degradation of PAHs. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus
and Bjerkandera adusta are most commonly used for the degradation of such compounds
due to their production of ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, manganese
peroxidase and laccase. The rate of biodegradation depends on many culture conditions,
such as temperature, oxygen, accessibility of nutrients and agitated or shallow culture.
Moreover, the addition of biosurfactants can strongly modify the enzyme activity. The removal of PAHs is dependent on the ionization potential. The study of the kinetics is not completely comprehended, and it becomes morem hallenging when fungi are applied for bioremediation. Degradation studies in soil are much more complicated than liquid cultures because of the heterogeneity of soil, thus, many factors should be considered when studying soil bioremediation, such as desorption and bioavailability of PAHs. Different degradation pathways can be suggested. The peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes having common catalytic cycles. One molecule of hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the resting enzyme withdrawing two electrons. Subsequently, the peroxidase is reduced back in two steps of one electron oxidation. Laccases are copper-containing oxidases. They reduce molecular oxygen to water and oxidize phenolic compounds. 相似文献
22.
Singh Lok Pratap Dhaka Rahul Kumar Ali Dilshad Tyagi Inderjeet Sharma Usha Banavath Srinivasrao Naik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34087-34107
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nano-titania (n-TiO2), due to its unique photocatalytic and hydrophobic properties, can be used to prepare self-cleaning cement-based smart building... 相似文献
23.
24.
V. Sivakumar V. Ravi Verma P.G. Rao G. Swaminathan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(18):1813-1818
Focus on eco-friendly processing techniques makes vegetable tanning a viable option in leather processing and establishes the subsequent need for the more efficient methods of extraction in tannin manufacture. Application of ultrasound has been tried in the extraction of tannins from myrobalan nuts in order to improve the extraction efficiency, to perform the extraction under milder process conditions and to reduce the process time. The influence of process parameters such as ultrasonic output power, time and temperature has been studied. Scale-up trials and the use of ultrasound in pulse mode have also been attempted. The results show that a three- to fivefold improvement is possible with ultrasonic output from 20 to 100 W. Extraction efficiency has been calculated from the maximum extractable materials from myrobalan nuts. Extraction efficiency is found to be 90% for ultrasound, 100 W without external heating as compared to 77% for control process at 70 °C for 4 h. Therefore, ultrasound could be employed even dispensing with provision for temperature controls. The use of ultrasound in pulse mode offered 70% extraction efficiency of continuous mode. Scale-up trials indicate that there exists an optimum ultrasonic output power depending on the amount of nuts used, to achieve better extraction efficiency. The effectiveness of ultrasonically extracted tannin solution has also been tested in the tanning process for its applicability. The degree of tanning efficacy has been assessed by shrinkage temperature measurement. The results indicate that ultrasonically extracted tannin solution is suitable for tanning process. Therefore, application of ultrasound in tannin extract manufacture is a viable option with added advantages. 相似文献
25.
26.
Chamundeeswari Munusamy Jeslin John Verma Madan Lal 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(2):849-865
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nanobiotechnology research has recently provided numerous basic and applied advances in the health sector. Nanocarriers have been developed for efficient drug... 相似文献
27.
Bhupander Kumar Meenu Mishra V. K. Verma Premanjali Rai Sanjay Kumar 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(6):2465-2480
This study presents distribution of organochlorines (OCs) including HCH, DDT and PCBs in urban soils, and their environmental and human health risk. Forty-eight soil samples were extracted using ultrasonication, cleaned with modified silica gel chromatography and analyzed by GC-ECD. The observed concentrations of ∑HCH, ∑DDT and ∑PCBs in soils ranged between?<?0.01–2.54, 1.30–27.41 and?<?0.01–62.8 µg kg?1, respectively, which were lower than the recommended soil quality guidelines. Human health risk was estimated following recommended guidelines. Lifetime average daily dose (LADD), non-cancer risk or hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for humans due to individual and total OCs were estimated and presented. Estimated LADD were lower than acceptable daily intake and reference dose. Human health risk estimates were lower than safe limit of non-cancer risk (HQ?<?1.0) and the acceptable distribution range of ILCR (10?6–10?4). Therefore, this study concluded that present levels of OCs (HCH, DDT and PCBs) in studied soils were low, and subsequently posed low health risk to human population in the study area. 相似文献
28.
Atul K. Singh Sharad C. Srivastava Pankaj Verma Abubakar Ansari Ambrish Verma 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3823-3836
Monitoring of heavy metals was conducted in the Yamuna River considering bioaccumulation factor, exposure concentration, and human health implications which showed contamination levels of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) and their dispersion patterns along the river. Largest concentration of Pb in river water was 392 μg L?1; Cu was 392 μg L?1 at the extreme downstream, Allahabad and Ni was 146 μg L?1 at midstream, Agra. Largest concentration of Cu was 617 μg kg?1, Ni 1,621 μg kg?1 at midstream while Pb was 1,214 μg kg?1 at Allahabad in surface sediment. The bioconcentration of Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr was observed where the largest accumulation of Pb was 2.29 μg kg?1 in Oreochromis niloticus and 1.55 μg kg?1 in Cyprinus carpio invaded at Allahabad while largest concentration of Ni was 174 μg kg?1 in O. niloticus and 124 μg kg?1 in C. carpio in the midstream of the river. The calculated values of hazard index (HI) for Pb was found more than one which indicated human health concern. Carcinogenic risk value for Ni was again high i.e., 17.02?×?10?4 which was larger than all other metals studied. The results of this study indicated bioconcentration in fish due to their exposures to heavy metals from different routes which had human health risk implications. Thus, regular environmental monitoring of heavy metal contamination in fish is advocated for assessing food safety since health risk may be associated with the consumption of fish contaminated through exposure to a degraded environment. 相似文献
29.
A. V. M. Subba Rao Arun K. Shanker V. U. M. Rao V. Narsimha Rao A. K. Singh Pragyan Kumari C. B. Singh Praveen Kumar Verma P. Vijaya Kumar B. Bapuji Rao Rajkumar Dhakar M. A. Sarath Chandran C. V. Naidu J. L. Chaudhary Ch. Srinivasa Rao B. Venkateshwarlu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(1):17-30
30.
Water is key element in human life. All forms of life upon the earth depend upon water for their mere existence. Life & water
may be aptly said to be two facets of the same coin. Most of the water bodies are getting polluted due to domestic waste,
sewage, industrial waste and agricultural effluent. The present study is designed to ascertain the effectiveness of artificial
aeration cum Ozonizer unit installed at Lower Lake, Bhopal for assessment of water quality. Various physico- chemical parameters
like pH, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate and bacteriological status
were studied to assess the extent of deterioration in water quality of Lower lake and at the same time to assess the performance
of the dual aeration system in improvement of water quality. 相似文献