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Arian D. Wallach Chelsea Batavia Marc Bekoff Shelley Alexander Liv Baker Dror Ben-Ami Louise Boronyak Adam P. A. Cardilin Yohay Carmel Danielle Celermajer Simon Coghlan Yara Dahdal Jonatan J. Gomez Gisela Kaplan Oded Keynan Anton Khalilieh Helen Kopnina William S. Lynn Yamini Narayanan Sophie Riley Francisco J. Santiago-Ávila Esty Yanco Miriam A. Zemanova Daniel Ramp 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1097-1106
Compassionate conservation is based on the ethical position that actions taken to protect biodiversity should be guided by compassion for all sentient beings. Critics argue that there are 3 core reasons harming animals is acceptable in conservation programs: the primary purpose of conservation is biodiversity protection; conservation is already compassionate to animals; and conservation should prioritize compassion to humans. We used argument analysis to clarify the values and logics underlying the debate around compassionate conservation. We found that objections to compassionate conservation are expressions of human exceptionalism, the view that humans are of a categorically separate and higher moral status than all other species. In contrast, compassionate conservationists believe that conservation should expand its moral community by recognizing all sentient beings as persons. Personhood, in an ethical sense, implies the individual is owed respect and should not be treated merely as a means to other ends. On scientific and ethical grounds, there are good reasons to extend personhood to sentient animals, particularly in conservation. The moral exclusion or subordination of members of other species legitimates the ongoing manipulation and exploitation of the living worlds, the very reason conservation was needed in the first place. Embracing compassion can help dismantle human exceptionalism, recognize nonhuman personhood, and navigate a more expansive moral space. 相似文献
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Shinsuke Tanabe Narayanan Kannan Tadaaki Wakimoto Ryo Tatsukawa Taku Okamoto Yoshito Masuda 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):215-231
In the light of new discoveries on the extremely toxic non‐ortho coplanar 3,3’,4,4'‐tetra‐ (T4CB), 3,3’,4,4’,5‐penta‐(P5CB) and 3,3'4,4’,5,5'‐hexachlorobiphenyl (H6CB) and their mono‐ and di‐ortho analogs, tissue samples of a Yusho poisoning victim and Yusho causal oils were subjected to a thorough congener/isomer‐specific investigation for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs). Among the many PCB congeners detected in Yusho oil, non‐ortho coplanar T4CB constituted 3.1%, P5CB‐0.17% and H6CB‐0.0072% in total PCBs. Their concentrations in liver and adipose tissue were 130–700 (T4CB), 54–720 (P5CB) and 50–380 (H6CB) pg/g on wet weight basis. The observed concentrations in adipose tissue were two to four fold higher than that detected in unexposed individuals. Among the PCDFs identified, toxic 2,3,7,8‐substituted isomers including 2,3,4,7,8‐P5CDF were the dominant ones. Tetra‐ through hepta‐CDDs were detected in the oil, whereas octa‐CDD was the dominant isomer in the patient. A comparison with KC‐400 revealed enrichment of coplanar PCBs in Yusho oil along with toxic PCDFs. Enrichment was highest for 3,3'4,4'5,5'‐H6CB followed by 3,3’,4,4'5‐P5CB. A comparative toxic evaluation of these chemical groups in Yusho patient's adipose tissue based on “2,3,7,8‐T4CDD Toxic Equivalent Analysis” revealed accountable toxic contribution from coplanar PCBs. This analysis also confirmed that 2,3,4,7,8‐P5CDF was the principal causative agent in Yusho poisoning. 相似文献
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Yuki Haga Motoharu Suzuki Chisato Matsumura Toshihiro Okuno Masahiro Tsurukawa Kazuo Fujimori Narayanan Kannan Roland Weber Takeshi Nakano 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16446-16454
In this study, we analyzed hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in urine of both PCB transport workers and PCB researchers. A method to monitor OH-PCB in urine was developed. Urine was solid-phase extracted with 0.1% ammonia/ methanol (v/v) and glucuronic acid/sulfate conjugates and then decomposed using β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. After alkaline digestion/derivatization, the concentration of OH-PCBs was determined by HRGC/HRMS-SIM. In the first sampling campaign, the worker’s OH-PCB levels increased several fold after the PCB waste transportation work, indicating exposure to PCBs. The concentration of OH-PCBs in PCB transport workers’ urine (0.55~11 μg/g creatinine (Cre)) was higher than in PCB researchers’ urine (< 0.20 μg/g Cre). However, also a slight increase of OH-PCBs was observed in the researchers doing the air sampling at PCB storage area. In the second sampling, after recommended PCB exposure reduction measures had been enacted, the worker’s PCB levels did not increase during handling of PCB equipment. This suggests that applied safety measures improved the situation. Hydroxylated trichlorobiphenyls (OH-TrCBs) were identified as a major homolog of OH-PCBs in urine. Also, hydroxylated tetrachlorobiphenyls (OH-TeCBs) to hydroxylated hexachlorobiphenyls (OH-HxCBs) were detected. For the sum of ten selected major indicators, a strong correlation to total OH-PCBs were found and these can possibly be used as non-invasive biomarkers of PCB exposure in workers managing PCB capacitors and transformer oils. We suggest that monitoring of OH-PCBs in PCB management projects could be considered a non-invasive way to detect exposure. It could also be used as a tool to assess and improve PCB management. This is highly relevant considering the fact that in the next 10 years, approx. 14 million tons of PCB waste need to be managed. Also, the selected populations could be screened to assess whether exposure at work, school, or home has taken place. 相似文献
35.
Berlin Mohanadhas Natarajan Narayanan Vasudevan Mangottiri Suresh Kumar Govindarajan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(15):18632-18650
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The subsurface leaching of soluble chemicals in a fractured porous medium poses long-term risk of groundwater contamination. Tracing the occurrence,... 相似文献
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Linlin Cong Yingyu Fang Miao He Xinshun Wang Narayanan Kannan Donghao Li 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(7):1379-1387
Background, aim and scope
The climatic characteristic is a major parameter affecting on the distribution variation of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Tumen River is located in Northeastern of China. The winter era lasts for more than 5 months in a year, and the river water was frozen and covered by ice phase. Coal combustion is an essential heating source in the Tumen River Basin. The objective of this research is to study ice phase effect on the seasonal variation of PAHs in the Tumen River environment. 相似文献38.
A congener-specific determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 21 surface sediments from Masan Bay, Korea revealed that the most toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) was detected in 76% of the samples and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF) in 100% of the samples analyzed. The concentration range of SigmaPCDDs and SigmaPCDFs are: 230-6900; 120-16700pgg(-1) dry mass respectively. WHO Toxic Equivalents (WHO-TEQ) in Masan Bay sediment ranged from 0.53 to 99ng TEQkg(-1)d.m. for PCDDs; 4 to 1300ngTEQkg(-1)d.m. for PCDFs. In comparison with an earlier survey, the concentrations of dioxins and furans have more than doubled and the SigmaWHO-TEQ values have increased 15 times within a decade. Both point and non-point sources of pollution are suspected, especially, local sewage treatment plants are found to contribute. 相似文献
39.
Roger D. Hansen Rangesan Narayanan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(4):578-585
A multivariate time series model is formulated to study monthly variations in municipal water demand. The left hand side variable in the multivariate regression model is municipal water demand (gallons per connection per day) and the right hand side contains (explanatory) variables which include price (constant dollars), average temperature, total precipitation, and percentage of daylight hours. The application of the regression model to Salt Lake City Water Department data produced a high multiple correlation coefficient and F-statistic. The regression coefficients for the right hand side variables all have the appropriate sign. In an ex post forecast, the model accurately predicts monthly variations in municipal water demand. The proposed monthly multivariate model is not only found useful for forecasting water demand, but also useful for predicting and studying the impact of nonstructural management decisions such as the effect of price changes, peak load pricing methods, and other water conservation programs. 相似文献
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