马拉硫磷和百菌清胁迫下斑马鱼行为变化的研究

以马拉硫磷和百菌清为胁迫因子,本文研究了2种污染物暴露下斑马鱼行为强度的变化。首先通过急性毒性试验确定了2种农药对斑马鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50),其次以LC50-48 h为1个染毒单位(TU),在0.01 TU、0.1 TU、0.5 TU、1 TU、2 TU 5个条件下,本文开展了斑马鱼行为学研究。结果显示,48 h马拉硫磷暴露斑马鱼的LC50为5 mg·L~(-1),百菌清暴露斑马鱼的LC50为0.01 mg·L~(-1)。随着污染物浓度增大,综合行为强度变化幅度增大。在设置的暴露浓度下,斑马鱼的行为强度在急剧增大或减小后都出现了明显的调节适应过程,基本符合环境压力模型。通过比较在不同频率下的影响强度,马拉硫磷和百菌清暴露斑马鱼摆鳍所受影响最大。本研究提示,水质监测中可增加斑马鱼摆鳍观察指标。     

Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures

• Genotoxicity of substances is unknown in the water after treatment processes. • Genotoxicity decreased by activated carbon treatment but increased by chlorination. • Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds contribute to genotoxicity. • Genotoxicity was assessed by umu test; acute and chronic toxicity by ECOSAR. • Inconsistent results confirmed that genotoxicity cannot be assessed by ECOSAR. Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and disinfection byproducts in modern drinking water treatment plants. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes. In this study, samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes. The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds. The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test, and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure- Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%, 77%, and 46% in the three drinking water treatment plants, respectively, while chlorination increased the genotoxicity. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity. The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test. Therefore, we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR .     

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR. •The observed SOR were at the lower end of the ratios from Beijing’s winter. •Temperature-dependent increase of NOR was sharper than that of SOR. • NOR increased with stronger biomass burning impact but SOR was largely unchanged. Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. Enhanced sulfate formation was observed at high relative humidity (RH), with the same threshold RH (80%) for both colder and warmer measurement periods. Compared to wintertime results from Beijing, the threshold RH was considerably higher in Harbin, whereas the RH-dependent enhancement of sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) was less significant. In addition, the high RH events were rarely encountered, and for other periods, the SOR were typically as low as ~0.1. Therefore, the sulfate formation was considered inefficient in this study. After excluding the several cases with high RH, both SOR and the nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) exhibited increasing trends as the temperature increased, with the increase of NOR being sharper. The nitrate to sulfate ratio tended to increase with increasing temperature as well. Based on a semi-quantitative approach, this trend was attributed primarily to the temperature-dependent variations of precursors including SO₂ and NO₂. The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was also evident. With stronger impact of biomass burning, an enhancement in NOR was observed whereas SOR was largely unchanged. The different patterns were identified as the dominant driver of the larger nitrate to sulfate ratios measured at higher concentrations of fine particulate matter.     

Prenatal air pollution exposure increases the risk of macrosomia: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the coastal area of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effects of prenatal ambient air pollution exposure could increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which have been well documented by various...     

新型BOD微生物传感流动注射检测仪的研制

研制采用微生物传感技术和流动分析技术来快速测定BOD的仪器。主要技术性能:测量周期为15min;误差率<5%;偏差<5%。通过对国家标准样品和不同水质污水的测试表明,其具有自动化程度高,测量周期短的优点;准确度、稳定性均达到国家标准;且具有良好的适应性。     

催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度有机废水的动力学模型

在２７０℃、８．８ＭＰａ条件下用催化湿式氧化法试验处理高浓度工业有机废水,反应时间１０￣１５ｍｉｎ时,废水中ＴＯＣ浓度可由１７９００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。针对这一多相催化氧化反应过程,以ＴＯＣ为目标污染和,研究建立了涉及液、气、固三相的反应动力学模型。反应时间、瓜器ＴＯＣ浓度、反应压力和反应温度等主要因素对反应器净化ＴＯＣ性能影响的试验表明,该模型计算值与实验值有很好的相关性（相关系数Ｒ     

袋式除尘器在电炉烟尘治理上的应用

结合工程实例，介绍了“低阻、中温、大流量”除尘系统工艺在电炉上的应用，以及除尘系统各组成部分的性能特点和所采用的关键技术，阐述了关键技术的理论依据、设计原则和设计参数。     

曳引轮绳槽磨损检测及预防措施

本文首先分析了曳引轮绳槽的结构型式对曳引轮绳槽的磨损影响,分别从设计制造阶段、安装调试阶段、日常使用与维护保养阶段三个阶段分析了导致绳槽磨损的原因。接着给出了检查曳引绳的磨损状况、检查曳引轮绳槽的磨损状况和曳引能力的试验三种检测绳槽磨损的方法。最后针对磨损原因的三个阶段分别提出了具体的预防措施。     

纳米二氧化硅表面改性及其对阿维菌素吸附和缓释性能

以纳米SiO2为原材料,采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对其进行表面改性,制备了具有疏水性的改性纳米SiO2,通过SEM、IR光谱分析以及元素分析,探讨了纳米SiO2改性后的形貌结构变化,以及其对阿维菌素的吸附和缓释性能.结果表明,经过硅烷偶联剂改性后的纳米SiO2分散性和亲油性都有了较好的改善,在乙醇中对阿维菌素的吸附率从13.98%提高到31.36%,并对阿维菌素具有较好的缓释效果,在溶出介质中对阿维菌素的控制释放时间可以持续80 h,所以,经硅烷偶联剂改性后的纳米SiO2可以作为疏水性药物的控释载体.     

为发展可再生能源提供有效的法律保障

本文分析了新近通过的《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》的重大意义，介绍了全国人大环资委起草这部法律的现实考虑和遵循原则，阐释了《可再生能源法》确立的五大法律制度和措施，最后提出了适用本法需注意的三个问题。