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51.
Srivastav Arun Lal Dhyani Rajni Ranjan Manish Madhav Sughosh Sillanpää Mika 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):41576-41595
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Warming of the earth is considered as the major adverse effect of climate change along with other abnormalities such as non-availability of water... 相似文献
52.
53.
Lignite fly ash (LFA), being alkaline and endowed with excellent pozzolanic properties, a silt loam texture, and plant nutrients,
has the potential to improve soil quality and productivity. Long-term field trials with groundnut, maize, and sun hemp were
carried out to study the effect of LFA on growth and yield. Before crop I was sown, LFA was applied at various doses with
and without press mud (an organic waste from the sugar industry, used as an amendment and source of nutrients). LFA with and
without press mud was also applied before crops III and V were cultivated. Chemical fertilizer, along with gypsum, humic acid,
and biofertilizer, was applied in all treatments, including the control. With one-time and repeat applications of LFA (with
and without press mud), yield increased significantly (7.0–89.0%) in relation to the control crop. The press mud enhanced
the yield (3.0–15.0%) with different LFA applications. The highest yield LFA dose was 200 t/ha for one-time and repeat applications,
the maximum yield being with crop III (combination treatment). One-time and repeat application of LFA (alone and in combination
with press mud) improved soil quality and the nutrient content of the produce. The highest dose of LFA (200 t/ha) with and
without press mud showed the best residual effects (eco-friendly increases in the yield of succeeding crops). Some increase
in trace- and heavy-metal contents and in the level of γ-emitters in soil and crop produce, but well within permissible limits,
was observed. Thus, LFA can be used on a large scale to boost soil fertility and productivity with no adverse effects on the
soil or crops, which may solve the problem of bulk disposal of fly ash in an eco-friendly manner. 相似文献
54.
Malik Vivek Singh Ravindra Khaiwal Rattan Preety Dayal Devi Attri Savita Verma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29085-29095
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigates the effect of environmental risk factors among North Indian children aged between 6 and 16 years associated with body mass... 相似文献
55.
Gypsum has been applied as a natural fertilizer and soil amendment for centuries in agriculture for providing crop nutrients such as Ca and S, and for improving soil physical properties. Recently, gypsum has been tested for sequestrating CO2 from the air and for capturing soluble phosphates in the soil, through formation of insoluble calcium phosphates and carbonates. However, the environmental factors controlling these sequestration processes have not been systemically studied. Here, we calculate optimal conditions of sequestration using chemical equilibrium modeling. Our results show that CO2 carbonation is effective at pH higher than 8.5 at atmospheric concentration. The removal of P is higher than 80 % for pH higher than 6.4, when Ca and P are at stoichiometric ratio. Also, placement of gypsum in subsoil is more effective for CO2 capture than applying it on soil surface since soil pores often contain higher concentrations of CO2 due to the soil respiration process. Overall, increases in medium pH, gypsum application rate, or CO2 partial pressure can increase the effectiveness of the amendment. 相似文献
56.
Zhang Huiying Liu Ruiqiang Ning Tangyuan Lal Rattan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1095-1100
Environmental Chemistry Letters - With rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations globally, there is an urgent need for highly efficient CO2 capture technologies. This report introduces... 相似文献
57.
PROBLEM: Fatigue affects a driver's ability to proceed safely. Driver-related fatigue and/or sleepiness are a significant cause of traffic accidents, which makes this an area of great socioeconomic concern. Monitoring physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting and warning of fatigue. The aim of this paper is to describe an EEG-based fatigue countermeasure algorithm and to report its reliability. METHOD: Changes in all major EEG bands during fatigue were used to develop the algorithm for detecting different levels of fatigue. RESULTS: The software was shown to be capable of detecting fatigue accurately in 10 subjects tested. The percentage of time the subjects were detected to be in a fatigue state was significantly different than the alert phase (P<.01). DISCUSSION: This is the first countermeasure software described that has shown to detect fatigue based on EEG changes in all frequency bands. Field research is required to evaluate the fatigue software in order to produce a robust and reliable fatigue countermeasure system. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The development of the fatigue countermeasure algorithm forms the basis of a future fatigue countermeasure device. Implementation of electronic devices for fatigue detection is crucial for reducing fatigue-related road accidents and their associated costs. 相似文献
58.
Lal S Sahu LK Venkataramani S Mallik C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(4):1159-1166
Measurements of light (C(2)-C(5)) non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were made along with ozone (O(3)), oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH(4)) at Hissar and Kanpur in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in India during the month of December, 2004. Air samplings during noon and evening hours provided an opportunity to study the emission characteristics and changes during this period at these sites. The mixing ratio of O(3) was higher during noon hours due to photochemical formation, while the levels of precursor gases showed elevated values during the evening hours on a clear sky day. On foggy days there is no such variation. The lower mixing ratios of O(3) observed on foggy days could be due to the slower rate of photochemical formation caused by a reduction in solar flux and surface deposition caused by the presence of a stable planetary boundary layer. Propene and ethene show the highest evening to noon ratio due to their faster reactivities with OH radicals. Correlations among different species of the measured gases indicate contributions of emissions from biomass and biofuel burning as well as fossil fuel combustion. Although qualitatively in relation to O(3), the propylene (propene) equivalents of NMHCs have been calculated to investigate their roles in O(3) photochemistry and compared with the data from Ahmedabad, an urban site in western India. The important result, which has emerged from the analysis of the observed data, is that while the total amount of these NMHCs is least at Hissar and highest at Ahmedabad, the total propylene-equivalent is highest at Hissar and lowest at Ahmedabad. Further, these two sites in the IGP show significant contributions, almost 72-77%, by propene and ethene while the contribution by these two gases at Ahmedabad is only about 47%. The surface level mixing ratios of O(3) could be treated as representative for the chemical characterization of air mass at a regional scale over the IGP as the month long trends of O(3) show significant similarity compared to the trends in precursors at the two sites. 相似文献
59.
Subhendu Adhikari Rattan Lal Han-Ping Wang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1569-1574
Soil samples were collected from four aquaculture ponds (yellow perch culture), a control pond (without aquaculture activities, fallow pond), crop land (under corn), and forest land to estimate the carbon (C) sequestration potential in the Piketon county, Ohio, USA. The averaged total of C was 6.5?±?2, 8.8?±?2, 8.53?±?0.2 and 10.49?±?1.1 Mg/ha (Mg=106g) in <?0.25 mm fraction; 15.2?±?2, 16.0?±?3, 11.49?±?0.8 and 17.23?±?3.4 Mg/ha in micro aggregates (0.25–2.5 mm); and 22.1?±?3, 26.4?±?3, 12.16?±?1.6 and 18.51?±?4.3 Mg/ha in macro aggregates (?>?2.5mm), for aquaculture ponds, control ponds, cropland and forest land, respectively. The soil/sediment C pool followed the order of forest?>?crop land soils?>?aquaculture pond soils. 相似文献
60.
Singh SB Lal SP Pant S Kulshrestha G 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(1):27-33
A fungal strain able to use atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-5-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) as a source of nitrogen was isolated from a corn field soil that has been previously treated with the herbicide. This strain was purified and acclimatized to atrazine at a higher level in the laboratory. A supplemented N was required to trigger the reaction. Atrazine was degraded at a faster rate in inoculated mineral salt medium (MSM) than non-inoculated MSM. Within 20 days, nearly 34% of the atrazine was degraded in inoculated medium while only 2% of the herbicide was degraded in non-inoculated medium. Degradation of atrazine by the isolated fungal strain was also studied in sterile and non-sterile soil to determine the compatibility of the isolated strain with native microorganisms in soil. The degradation of atrazine was found to be more in inoculated sterile soil than in inoculated non-sterile soil. Cell free extract (CFE) of fungal mycelium degraded about 50% of the atrazine in buffer in 96 hours compared to the control. Four atrazine metabolites were isolated and characterized by LCMS. On the basis of morphological parameters the isolate was identified as Penicillium species. Results indicated that the microorganism may be useful for remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil. 相似文献