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排序方式: 共有361条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
281.
Lagmay AM Tengonciang AM Rodolfo RS Soria JL Baliatan EG Paguican ER Ong JB Lapus MR Fernandez DF Quimba ZP Uichanco CL 《Disasters》2008,32(3):416-433
A rockslide-debris avalanche destroyed the remote village of Guinsaugon in Southern Leyte, Philippines, on 17 February 2006. Although search and rescue procedures were implemented immediately, the scale of the landslide and a lack of information about its nature resulted in unfocused and imprecise efforts in the early days of the operation. Technical support was only introduced five days after the event, provided by a team of volunteer geologists, geophysicists, and meteorologists. By the time search and rescue operations were transferred to specific target sites, however, the chances of finding survivors trapped under the rubble had diminished. In such critical situations, speed, accuracy, and the maximum appropriation of resources are crucial. We emphasise here the need for a systematic and technically informed approach to search and rescue missions in large-scale landslide disaster contexts, and the formulation of better disaster management policies in general. Standard procedures must be developed and enforced to improve how civil authorities respond to natural calamities. 相似文献
282.
T. Duncan Fairlie James Szykman Alice Gilliland R. Bradley Pierce Chieko Kittaka Stephanie Weber Jill Engel-Cox Raymond R. Rogers Joe Tikvart Rich Scheffe Fred Dimmick 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(20):3275-3288
We use ensemble-mean Lagrangian sampling of a 3-D Eulerian air quality model, CMAQ, together with ground-based ambient monitors data from several air monitoring networks and satellite (MODIS) observations to provide source apportionment and regional transport vs. local contributions to sulfate aerosol and PM2.5 concentrations at Baltimore, MD, for summer 2004. The Lagrangian method provides estimates of the chemical and physical evolution of air arriving in the daytime boundary layer at Baltimore. Study results indicate a dominant role for regional transport contributions on those days when sulfate air pollution is highest in Baltimore, with a principal transport pathway from the Ohio River Valley (ORV) through southern Pennsylvania and Maryland, consistent with earlier studies. Thus, reductions in sulfur emissions from the ORV under the EPA's Clean Air Interstate Rule may be expected to improve particulate air quality in Baltimore during summer. The Lagrangian sampling of CMAQ offers an inexpensive and complimentary approach to traditional methods of source apportionment based on multivariate observational data analysis, and air quality model emissions separation. This study serves as a prototype for the method applied to Baltimore. EPA is establishing a system to allow air quality planners to readily produce and access equivalent results for locations of their choice. 相似文献
283.
284.
Qinjun Liang Yu Gao Zhigang Li Jiayi Cai Na Chu Wen Hao Yong Jiang Raymond Jianxiong Zeng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(4):42
285.
Wheeler AJ Xu X Kulka R You H Wallace L Mallach G Van Ryswyk K MacNeill M Kearney J Rasmussen PE Dabek-Zlotorzynska E Wang D Poon R Williams R Stocco C Anastassopoulos A Miller JD Dales R Brook JR 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(3):324-338
The Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study evaluated the contribution of ambient air pollutants to personal and indoor exposures of adults and asthmatic children living in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In addition, the role of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution exposures upon asthmatic children's respiratory health was assessed. Several active and passive sampling methods were applied, or adapted, for personal, indoor, and outdoor residential monitoring of nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter (PM; PM-2.5 pm [PM2.5] and < or =10 microm [PM10] in aerodynamic diameter), elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, ozone, air exchange rates, allergens in settled dust, and particulate-associated metals. Participants completed five consecutive days of monitoring during the winter and summer of 2005 and 2006. During 2006, in addition to undertaking the air pollution measurements, asthmatic children completed respiratory health measurements (including peak flow meter tests and exhaled breath condensate) and tracked respiratory symptoms in a diary. Extensive quality assurance and quality control steps were implemented, including the collocation of instruments at the National Air Pollution Surveillance site operated by Environment Canada and at the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality site in Allen Park, Detroit, MI. During field sampling, duplicate and blank samples were also completed and these data are reported. In total, 50 adults and 51 asthmatic children were recruited to participate, resulting in 922 participant days of data. When comparing the methods used in the study with standard reference methods, field blanks were low and bias was acceptable, with most methods being within 20% of reference methods. Duplicates were typically within less than 10% of each other, indicating that study results can be used with confidence. This paper covers study design, recruitment, methodology, time activity diary, surveys, and quality assurance and control results for the different methods used. 相似文献
286.
Indoor environments are dynamic reactors where consumer products (such as cleaning agents, deodorants, and air fresheners) emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can subsequently interact with indoor oxidants such as ozone (O3), hydroxyl radicals, and nitrate radicals. Typically, consumer products consist of mixtures of VOCs and semi-VOCs which can react in the gas-phase or on surfaces with these oxidants to generate a variety of oxygenated products. In this study, the reaction of a pine-oil cleaner (POC) with O3 (100 ppb) on a urethane-coated vinyl flooring tile was investigated at 5% and 50% relative humidity. These results were compared to previous α-terpineol + O3 reactions on glass and vinyl surfaces. Additionally, other terpene and terpene alcohol mixtures were formulated to understand the emission profiles as seen in the POC data. Results showed that the α-terpineol + O3 reaction products were the prominent species that were also observed in the POC/O3 surface experiments. Furthermore, α-terpineol + O3 reactions generate the largest fraction of oxygenated products even in equal mixtures of other terpene alcohols. This finding suggests that the judicial choice of terpene alcohols for inclusion in product formulations may be useful in reducing oxidation product emissions. 相似文献
287.
Laura Leite Florence Jude-Lemeilleur Natalie Raymond Isabel Henriques Frédéric Garabetian Artur Alves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21721-21732
According to the hologenome theory, the microbiota contributes to the fitness of the holobiont having an important role in its adaptation, survival, development, health, and evolution. Environmental stress also affects the microbiota and its capability to assist the holobiont in coping with stress factors. Here, we analyzed the diversity of cultivable bacteria associated with Manila clam tissues (mantle, gills, hemolymph) in two non-contaminated sites (Portugal and France) and one metal-contaminated site (Portugal). A total of 240 isolates were obtained. Representative isolates (n = 198) of the overall diversity were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and subjected to functional characterization. Isolates affiliated with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Proteobacteria (mostly Pseudoalteromonadaceae and Vibrionaceae) were dominant in non-contaminated sites while Actinobacteria (mostly Microbacteriaceae) dominated in the metal-contaminated site. The main factor affecting the microbiota composition was contamination. No significant differences were observed between clam tissues and geographic regions. Several isolates tested positive for antibacterial activity, biofilm formation, protease, and siderophore production. The results show that the Manila clam harbors a diverse microbiota that may contribute to clam protection and overall fitness, as well as to its adaptation to stressful environments. In addition, the Manila clam microbiota is revealed as a promising source of novel probiotics with potential application in aquaculture. 相似文献
288.
Samuelsson Göran S Raymond Caroline Agrenius Stefan Schaanning Morten Cornelissen Gerard Gunnarsson Jonas S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14218-14233
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A field experiment with thin-layer capping was conducted in the Grenland fjords, Norway, for remediation in situ of mercury and dioxin-contaminated... 相似文献
289.
Wallace Linville Raymond G. Holmes Carl V. Kanter 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):21-28
In late 1965 the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Commission appointed a Council of Technical Advisors to develop air quality criteria. Recently, this Council set forth its recommendations for ten pollutants. The philosophy of the Council is expressed. The major difficulties and rational are mentioned. The recommendations are given and the potential use of the criterion is also explained. 相似文献
290.