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81.
A pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralizing bacterium was isolated from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill and identified
as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CL7. This isolate used PCP as its sole source of carbon and energy and was capable of degrading this
compound as indicated by stoichiometric release of chloride and biomass formation. P. stutzeri (CL7) was able to mineralize a high
concentration of PCP (600 mg/L) than any previously reported Pseudomonad with PCP as sole carbon source. As the concentration
of PCP increased from 50 to 600 mg/L, the reduction in the cell growth was observed and the PCP degradation was more than 90%
in all studied concentrations. This isolate was able to remove 66.8% of PCP from the secondary sludge of pulp and paper mill when
supplemented with 100 mg/L of PCP and grown for two weeks. This study showed that the removal e ciency of PCP by CL7 was
found to be very e ective and can be used in PCP remediation of pulp paper mill waste in the environment. 相似文献
82.
Dongkai Xu Rajiv Malhotra N. Venkata Reddy Jun Chen Jian Cao 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2012,14(4):487-494
Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a new sheet metal forming process characterized by higher formability, product independent tooling and greater process flexibility. The inability of conventional single pass SPIF to form vertical walls without failure is overcome by forming multiple intermediate shapes before forming the final component, i.e., multi-pass single point incremental forming (MSPIF). A major issue with MSPIF is significant geometric inaccuracy of the formed component, due to the generation of stepped features on the base. This work proposes analytical formulations that are shown to accurately and quantitatively predict the stepped feature formation in MSPIF. Additionally, a relationship is derived among the material constants used in these analytical equations, the yield stress and thickness of the blank material, such that the computational effort required for the calibration of these constants can be minimized. Finally, the physical effects of yield stress and sheet thickness on the rigid body translation are further discussed. 相似文献
83.
Ramachandra Jayashree Tenkila Veerappa Subba Reddy Nandanavana Udupi Dinesh Acharya 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):41953-41970
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an essential requirement for water resource management and scheduling agricultural... 相似文献
84.
Sharma Aaradhya Gunreddy Neha Mulamalla Akshith Reddy Duraisamy Sakthivadivel Sivan Suresh Poongavanam Ganesh Kumar Kumar Balaji 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87019-87067
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary objective of the paper is to identify the effective way to enhance the conductive and convective heat transfer of the FPSC. The... 相似文献
85.
Manoj Kumar Pathak Mohammad Fareed Vipin Bihari Mudium Mohan Krishna Reddy Devendra Kumar Patel Neeraj Mathur 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):188-196
In this study, nerve conduction, organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues in blood and cholinesterase activity levels of pesticide sprayers employed in mango plantations at Lucknow, North India, were determined. Fifty-two sprayers from mango plantations who regularly spray mixture of pesticides like organophosphates (OP), OCs, and carbamates were considered as exposed group. Eighteen subjects with similar socio-economic status of exposed group, who do not handle pesticides, were selected as controls. Questionnaire-based interviews related to personal and occupational histories of the study subjects were carried out. Sprayers did not use any personal protective equipment during pesticide handling. The blood-pesticide analyses of sprayers show higher mean values of hexachlorohexane (HCH), γ-HCH, δ-HCH, total HCH, op-DDT compared with the controls. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activites were significantly reduced among sprayers. Risk of motor nerve conduction deficits was observed in sprayers with low AChE activity. Negative correlation of motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits was observed with the duration of exposure and age among sprayers. The study demonstrated that the prolonged exposure to mixture of pesticides, ergonomic factors, decline in cholinesterase activity may lead to nerve conduction dysfunction. The findings suggest the need for controlled use of pesticides in the plantation and indicated the need for training and implementation of hygiene practices like proper usage of personal protective equipments. 相似文献
86.
The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos on protein metabolism in physiological important tissues, namely gills, kidney, liver, and muscle of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus, was studied. Fish were exposed to 1/20th and 1/10th of 96?h LC50 concentrations for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, fish were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 21 days in order to study the recovery. Fish were sacrificed at the stipulated periods and gills, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues were used for the estimation of total protein, amino acids, ammonia, urea, glutamine, protease, transaminases, and phosphatases. Total protein, amino acid, and ammonia contents were decreased in all tissues for 28 days and recovery was observed during the recovery period. Urea and glutamine levels were elevated, except in kidneys, and recovered at the end of the recovery period. The activities of protease, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were elevated in the tissues for 28 days exposure at both concentrations. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration. 相似文献
87.
A. Kishore Kumar P. Kranthi Raju Ch. Pradeep Kumar A. Rama Narsimha Reddy 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):359-366
Occupational exposure is unregulated in developing countries like India, and becoming the most common cause of disease of environmental origin. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on plasma lipid profiles, and risk of cardiovascular diseases. A total of 79 human volunteers were included in the study. Control subjects were healthy housewives of Karimnagar, India. Occupationally exposed individuals included different occupational workers like petrol station attendants, battery chargers, drivers, welders, pesticide-exposed workers, painters, and auto mechanics. These subjects were shown to be chronic occupationally-exposed for at least three years, and neither associated with any other chronic pathological conditions like hypertension or diabetes, nor under any medication other than analgesics during the month preceding the study. Subjects with excessive high or low caloric intake were excluded from the study. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), VLDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol, and TC/HDL ratio in these subjects were significantly higher than those in control subjects, whereas HDL cholesterol was not markedly affected. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and other anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), body fat index (BFI), body surface area (BSA)) were not significantly different between groups. Data suggest that chronic occupational exposure increases plasma lipid levels and is thereby associated with cardiovascular complications. 相似文献
88.
Removal of p-chlorophenol (pCP) from synthetic aqueous solutions was studied through adsorption on a biosorbent developed from chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA), the natural cationic and anionic polysaccharides, respectively. Chitosan-coated sodium alginate beads were prepared and treated with calcium chloride solution in order to improve the stability as well as hydrophobic character. The resulting beads (CS/CA) were characterized using FTIR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET surface analysis. The efficiency of this biosorbent in removing pCP from aqueous medium was studied under batch equilibrium and dynamic column flow experimental conditions. The binding capacity of the biosorbent was studied as a function of initial pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate and amount of biomass. The data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Weber–Morris models and found that the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Further, the equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmiur, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms and the isotherm constants were evaluated for adsorption of pCP. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CS/CA beads was found to be 127 mg g?1. Column flow results were used to generate breakthrough curves. The experimental results suggested that the chitosan–calcium alginate blended biosorbent was effective for the removal of pCP from aqueous medium. 相似文献
89.
Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati Yoshiharu Mitoma Tetsuji Okuda Shogo Sakita Mitsunori Kakeda 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(2):201-207
This report shows that cesium can be immobilized in soils with an efficiency of 96.4% by ball milling with nano-metallic Ca/PO4. In Japan, the major concern on 137Cs deposition and soil contamination due to the emission from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant showed up after a
massive quake on March 11, 2011. The accident rated 7, the highest possible on the international nuclear event scale, released
160 petabecquerels (PBq) of iodine 131I and 15 PBq of 137Cs according to the Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency. Both 137Cs and 131I radioactive nuclides are increasing cancer risk. Nonetheless, 137Cs, with a half-life of about 30 years compared with 8 days for 131I, is a major threat for agriculture and stock farming and, in turn, human life for decades. Therefore, in Japan, the 137Cs fixation and immobilization in contaminated soil is the most important problem, which should be solved by suitable technologies.
Ball milling treatment is a promising treatment for the remediation of cesium-contaminated soil in dry conditions. Here, we
studied the effect, factors and mechanisms of soil Cs immobilization by ball milling with the addition of nano-metallic Ca/CaO/NaH2PO4, termed “nano-metallic Ca/PO4.” We used scanning electron microscopy combined with electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction. Results
show that immobilization efficiency increases from 56.4% in the absence of treatment to 89.9, 91.5, and 97.7 when the soil
is ball-milled for 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively. The addition of nano-metallic Ca/PO4 increased the immobilization efficiency to about 96.4% and decreased the ball milling time. SEM/EDS analysis allows us to
observe that the amount of Cs decreased on soil particle surface. Use of nano-metallic Ca/PO4 over a short milling time also decreases Cs leaching. Therefore, ball milling with nano-metallic Ca/PO4 treatment may be potentially applicable for the remediation of radioactive Cs-contaminated soil in dry conditions. 相似文献
90.
Satish Kumar Nandigama Reddy Marri Sameer Bheeram Vema Reddy Mukkamala Saratchandra Babu Raju Chowhan L. Chandrasekhara Rao L. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):455-464
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Developing environmentally benign synthetic protocols such as reaction in water is a major challenge. However, many of the known methods carried out in an... 相似文献