造纸行业的清洁生产示范

文章概述了我国造纸行业清洁生产示范项目审计的成果，从环境、经济及清洁生产方案类型等角度对企业推行清洁生产进行了初步分析，提出了存在的主要问题，并就进一步推动造纸行业的清洁生产提出了建议。     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency by steroid analysis in the amniotic fluid of mid-pregnancy: Comparison with HLA typing in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH

Amniotic fluid (AF) levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and testosterone (T) were determined at 16–17 weeks in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH and results compared to 75 normal controls. The fetus was predicted to be unaffected in 12 cases on the findings of normal AF levels of both 17OHP and T and the latter allowed a correct prediction of fetal sex in all instances. HLA typing confirmed normality in 12 cases revealing 5 carriers, 5 homozygous normal and 2 indeterminate. Steroid levels of the 2 groups were similar. Three fetuses were predicted to be CAH affected on unambiguously high levels of 17OHP and T (in female only). HLA typing was in agreement, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 2 abortuses and a female newborn by physical and hormonal studies. In the last 2 cases AF levels of OHP and T were normal but HLA (A/B/C) genotypes were identical to the CAH affected siblings. Normal physical and hormonal findings in the 2 aborted fetuses would exclude the possibility of an in utero virilizing form of CAH. The discrepancy could be explained on the basis that the fetuses had an allelic form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency or on the basis of recombination (not fully tested). It is concluded that a fully informative prenatal diagnosis of CAH should not rely entirely on HLA typing but on hormonal studies.     

The spatial and temporal distribution of total ozone over China

In this paper the grid data of total ozone mapping spectrograph (TOMS) installed on Nimbus-7 satellite (1978 to 1994) was used and the spatial and temporal distribution of total ozone over China was analyzed. The research indicates that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau destroyed the latitudinal distribution of total ozone of China and the low value closed center emerged over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Long time change trends of seasonal total ozone of Qinghai-Tibet plateau are provided. It shows that the most obvious decrease of total ozone occurs in winter (Jan.), then in summer (Jul.), the relevant slow change occurs in autumn (Oct.) and spring (Apr.).     

金堆城超大型钼矿床水-岩δD-δ~(18)O同位素交换体系理论模型及成矿流体来源

基于水-岩δD-δ18O同位素交换体系理论模型的建立和计算，对金堆城超大型斑岩钼矿四个不同成矿期中成矿流体的演化和来源进行了研究，发现在成矿前期和早期，成矿流体为岩浆水与围岩在较低水／岩比值（0．1W／R＞0．001）和中、高温（t=250～500℃）条件下反应后的残余流体，而主成矿期和成矿晚期的成矿流作为大气降水在相对较高水／岩比值（0．5＞W／R0．1）和中、低温（t＝150～310℃）条件下与围岩反应后的残留流体。大气降水在金堆城钼矿成矿过程中起了重要作用。在主成矿期水／岩比值达到最高。     

深井曝气法处理环氧丙烷皂化废水

对深井曝气工艺处理高盐，高ｐＨ、高温的环氧丙烷皂化废水进行了主研究，结果表明，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达８０％，ＢＯＤ５的去除率可达９５％以上。     

Rapid modification in the olfactory signal of ants following a change in reproductive status

In insect societies, the presence and condition of egg-layers can be assessed with pheromones. Exocrine secretions are expected to vary in time in order to give up-to-date information on an individuals reproductive physiology. In the queenless monogynous ant Streblognathus peetersi, we allowed a previously infertile high-ranking worker to accede to the alpha rank, thus triggering the onset of her oogenesis (15 replicates). We then studied her interactions with an established egg-layer from the same colony after different durations, ranging from 20 h to several days. Even though her eggs are only ready to be laid after 30 days, the new alpha was recognised within 1–2 days. Detection occurred at a distance of a few millimetres, suggesting the involvement of a pheromone with low volatility, such as cuticular hydrocarbons. When the new alpha had differentiated for >48 h, she was attacked by the established egg-layer. In all cases, low-ranking workers eventually immobilised one of the two alphas: the new alpha was the target if she had differentiated only recently, suggesting that police workers select the dominant worker with the less fertile odour. Using the behaviour of ants as our measure, we demonstrate that a dominants olfactory signal changes rapidly with a modification in her social status, and it occurs well before the onset of egg-laying.     

总氮、总磷联合测定方法的改进

采用钼锑分光光度法测定总氮,考察了在提高温度的条件下,缩短消解时间对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,调节氢氧化钠和过硫酸钾的用量,在同一溶液内测定总氮、总磷,并且将测定条件改为126～128℃,消解10min,其测定结果和与标准方法对照,精密度及准确度均令人满意。     

煤中有害元素的研究现状及其对环境保护的意义

本文给出了煤中有害微量元素的定义，即煤中含量小于１．０％的有毒元素，致癌元素，腐蚀性元素，放射性元素以及其它对环境有害的元素等。根据我国环保要求，提出当前应重视的有害元素，共２２种。作者还讨论了煤中有害微量元素对对环境的危害以及国内外对煤中微量元素的研究现状和存在的问题。