Effect of temperature switchover on the degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol by biocathode bioelectrochemical system

Exposure to chloramphenicol(CAP),a chlorinated nitroaromatic antibiotic,can induce CAP-resistant bacteria/genes in diverse environments. A biocathode bioelectrochemical system(BES) was applied to reduce CAP under switched operational temperatures.When switching from 25 to 10°C,the CAP reduction rate(kCAP) and the maximum amount of the dechlorinated reduced amine product(AMCl,with no antibacterial activity) by the biocathode communities were both markedly decreased. The acetate and ethanol yield from cathodophilic microbial glucose fermentation(with release of electrons) was also reduced. Formation of the product AMCl was enhanced by the biocathode dechloridation reaction compared with that produced from pure electrochemical or microbial dechloridation processes. The electrochemical and morphological analyses of cathode biofilms demonstrated that some cathodophilic microbes could adapt to low temperature and play a key role in CAP degradation. The resilient biocathode BES has a potential for the treatment of CAP-containing wastewater in temperature fluctuating environments.     

地表水中全氟有机化合物污染现状及其危害研究进展

全氟有机化合物(PFCs)是一类人为产生的污染物,被广泛应用于化工生产领域,目前已有大量的PFCs进入地表水环境,在国内外各大河流、湖泊、海洋均有检出。人体对PFCs的暴露途径主要通过饮用水、饮食和空气/灰尘等方式摄入。综述了地表水中PFCs的来源、污染现状、人体暴露途径及潜在危害,以期为我国地表水环境中PFCs的环境监测和生物安全性研究工作提供参考。     

天然水中NO2-和NO3-的毛细管电泳分离测定

在ｐＨ８．２硼酸缓冲液中,用高效毛细管电泳分离硝酸根,硝酸根,并用内标地直接检测了矿泉水,井水中的ＮＯ＾－２,ＮＯ＾－３,以ＣＴＡＢ为电渗流改性剂,离子迁移时间相对标准偏差小于１．５％;二甲亚砜夜为内标,样品对内标的峰高比重现性较好。     

Preparation and characterization of a lipoid adsorption material and its atrazine removal performance

A novel adsorbent named lipoid adsorption material (LAM), with a hydrophobic nucleolus (triolein) and a hydrophilic membrane structure (polyamide), was synthesized to remove hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from solution. Triolein, a type of lipoid, was entrapped by the polyamide membrane through an interfacial polymerization reaction. The method of preparation and the structure of the LAM were investigated and subsequent experiments were conducted to determine the characteristics of atrazine (a type of HOC) removal from wastewater using LAM as the adsorbent. The results showed that LAM had a regular structure compared with the prepolymer, where compact particles were linked with each other and openings were present in the structure of the LAM in which the fat drops formed from triolein were entrapped. In contrast to the atrazine adsorption behavior of powdered activated carbon (PAC), LAM showed a persistent adsorption capacity for atrazine when initial concentrations of 0.57, 1.12, 8.31 and 19.01 mg/L were present, and the equilibrium time was 12 hr. Using an 8 mg/L initial concentration of atrazine as an indicator of HOCs in aqueous solution, experiments on the adsorption capacity of the LAM showed 69.3% removal within 6–12 hr contact time, which was close to the 75.5% removal of atrazine by PAC. Results indicated that LAM has two atrazine removal mechanisms, namely the bioaccumulation of atrazine by the nucleous material and physical adsorption to the LAM membrane. Bioaccumulation was the main removal mechanism.     

官厅水库水中阿特拉津残留的分析及污染来源

利用固相萃取-高效液相-质谱联用方法直接分析饮用水中超痕量的内分泌干扰剂阿特拉津.仅用10～50ml水样,只需40min就可完成联机分析,检测限为10ng/L.在官厅水库水中检测出痕量污染物阿特拉津残留,浓度为0.67～3.9μg/L,并对其污染的来源进行了调查,认为水库上游洋河边的一家生产阿特拉津的农药厂为污染的主要来源.     

土壤重金属对白菜种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒性效应

测定了水溶液和4种土壤(红壤、草甸棕壤、暗棕壤和栗钙土)条件下,铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对白菜种子发芽与根伸长的抑制率,以及暗棕壤条件下重金属的复合污染效应.结果表明,同一浓度下,重金属对白菜根伸长抑制率均明显大于对种子发芽抑制率.重金属在土壤中对白菜根伸长抑制效应明显低于其在水体中的抑制效应, 这表明土壤对重金属污染有重要的缓冲作用.铜、锌、铅、镉污染对白菜根伸长抑制率与土壤有机质和土壤氮含量显著负相关;但与土壤pH和土壤钾含量的相关性不显著.铜、锌、铅、镉单一污染对白菜根伸长为刺激作用浓度下,复合污染即产生明显的协同作用,其结果使白菜根伸长的抑制效应阈值明显降低.     

浅析油气储运设施环境保护管理发展趋势

针对油气储运设施工程特点,通过比较清洁生产和循环经济的理念及侧重点,提出了全生命周期的环保管理理念,然后根据这一理念分析了我国油气储运设施工程从设计、施工到投产、运行全过程的环保管理现状和发展趋势,并提出了相应建议。     

长庆低渗透油田废弃钻井液处理探讨

通过对长庆低渗透油田废弃钻井液性能分析,确定了固液分离-固化一体化处理思路;研究了不同破胶剂体系、破胶剂加量、絮凝剂分子量等对固液分离及出水率的影响;处理结果表明:添加20%粘土同时加入6%固化剂时固化体针入度可降至0.5mm以下,达到强度要求,又可降低成本。现场试验证实固液分离析出水和固化体浸出液均达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

新型生物流化床组合工艺处理工业有机废水的工程应用分析

尝试一种新型结构的生物三相流化床工程化应用于磁电器制品厂的洗涤废水和漂染厂高浓度印染废水的处理 ,处理规模分别为 2 40m3 d和 2 5 0 0m3 d。采用A O2 的流化床组合工艺 ,在总HRT低于 2 4h的操作条件下 ,当洗涤废水进水CODCr负荷为 2 3～ 2 6kg m3·d ,BOD5负荷为 0 72～ 0 95kg m3·d的情况下 ,出水CODCr、BOD5、SS及油分的平均浓度分别为 43 5 0mg L、18 90mg L、2 1 0mg L及 0 86mg L。当印染废水的进水CODCr、BOD5负荷为 3 8～5 8kg m3·d和 1 3～ 1 8kg m3·d时 ,出水CODCr、BOD5浓度分别低于 90mg L和 35mg L。其处理出水均达到了国家一级排放标准。选用的新工艺运行管理方便 ,出水稳定 ,处理费用为 0 6～ 0 8元 t,且基本无污泥产生 ,证明该技术符合清洁生产的环保新概念。实践证明 ,新型生物三相流化床具有体积负荷大 ,抗冲击能力强 ,处理效率高的特点     

Occurrence and impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in the air and soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs), we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples collected around a MSWI, which is the largest in China. The International Toxicity Equivalency Quantity(I-TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air samples were from 0.0300 to 1.03 pg I-TEQ/m~3(0.445–13.6 pg/m~3), with an average of 0.237 pg I-TEQ/m~3, while in soil samples they ranged from 0.520 to 3.40 pg I-TEQ/g(2.41–88.7 pg/g) with an average of1.49 pg I-TEQ/g. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples were comparable to other areas, and Pe CDFs were the dominant contributors, which was different from stack gas homologue patterns. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI did not directly affect the profiles of PCDD/Fs in air and soils, so that vehicles and unidentified emission sources should be considered. The daily inhalation levels of PCDD/Fs for children(0.0110 to 0.392 pg I-TEQ/(kg·day) and adults(0.00600 to 0.221 pg I-TEQ/(kg·day) near the MSWI were lower than the tolerable daily intake of 1.00 to 4.00 pg WHO-TEQ/(kg·day), but in winter the values were higher than in summer. These results can be used as basic data for assessing the risk of PCDD/Fs exposure in residents living around this MSWI, and more monitoring programs and studies should be carried out around MSWIs.