ABR反应器处理低浓度废水的研究

对ABR反应器处理低浓度废水的效果及运行特性进行了研究。在中温(35±0.5℃),进水有机负荷为0.5～7.0kgCODCr/(m~3.d),HRT=3～12h,进水CODCr浓度分别为150,350,550和850mg/L时,CODCr去除率分别达50%,80%～87%,86%～92%和90%～95%,反应器出水CODCr浓度在70～90mg/L。研究表明,该反应器处理低浓度废水时,不仅具有良好的处理效果,而且运行稳定。     

环境激素类有机氯农药的用途和危害

介绍了世界自然基金会<环境中被报告具有生殖和内分泌干扰作用的化学物质清单>中16种环境激素类有机氯农药的污染状况、基本概况、用途、危害以及针对有机氯农药污染的治理措施.     

水体有毒有机污染研究

对有毒有机污染物的主要种类,实际的检出水平,健康影响评价、污染处理技术进行了简要介绍,在此基础上对管理对策进行了探讨。     

Towards a better hydraulic cleaning strategy for ultrafiltration membrane fouling by humic acid: Effect of backwash water composition

As a routine measurement to alleviate membrane fouling, hydraulic cleaning is of great significance for the steady operation of ultrafiltration (UF) systems in water treatment processes. In this work, a comparative study was performed to investigate the effects of the composition of backwash water on the hydraulic cleaning performance of UF membranes fouled by humic acid (HA). Various types of backwash water, including UF permeate, Milli-Q water, NaCl solution, CaCl₂ solution and HA solution, were compared in terms of hydraulically irreversible fouling index, total surface tension and residual HA. The results indicated that Milli-Q water backwash was superior to UF permeate backwash in cleaning HA-fouled membranes, and the backwash water containing Na⁺ or HA outperformed Milli-Q water in alleviating HA fouling. On the contrary, the presence of Ca^2 + in backwash water significantly decreased the backwash efficiency. Moreover, Ca^2 + played an important role in foulant removal, and the residual HA content closely related to the residual Ca^2 + content. Mechanism analysis suggested that the backwash process may involve fouling layer swelling, ion exchange, electric double layer release and competitive complexation. Ion exchange and competitive complexation played significant roles in the efficient hydraulic cleaning associated with Na⁺ and HA, respectively.     

新型滤料──短纤维性能研究

短纤维作为一种滤料应用于水过滤器中，具有密度小，孔隙率大，比表面积大的优点，它在过滤进程中，滤速高，阻力小，过滤周期长，能使悬浮物脱除率达到９６％以上，是一种应用前景很好的滤料。在本文中对短纤维滤料的过滤性能作了系统地研究。     

混合胺MEA＋DETA吸收CO2的影响因素

以MEA为主体,DETA为添加剂,考察1h内,在温度298～338K,压力300～700kPa,混合胺溶液初始浓度（质量分数）4％～20％范围内,MEA＋DETA不同配比的混合吸收剂吸收CO2的特性。获得MEA＋DETA混合胺吸收CO2的最佳吸收条件为：308K、500kPa、总胺质量浓度为20％,MEA与DETA的配比为8：2。     

Copper sulphate use in South African traditional medicine

Copper (Cu) is an essential element to humans; however, exposure to elevated concentrations through occupational hazard and/or environmental means may be detrimental. This paper provides results of a cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of copper sulphate (CuSO₄) use in South African traditional medicine by traditional health practitioners (THPs) and details the use thereof. A total of 201 THPs were enrolled from two main municipal areas of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Information on demographic characteristics of THPs, reasons for using or not using CuSO₄ as well as administration methods and age groups of recipients were collected. Of the 201 THPs interviewed, 145 (72 %) use CuSO₄ for healing purposes. The use of CuSO₄ was strongly associated with gender (p = 0.009) where the proportion of CuSO₄ users was higher for female than male THPs. CuSO₄ was reportedly administered to individuals of all ages, including infants and children. The main routes of administration were enema (n = 110; 76 %), oral (n = 40; 28 %) and use in bath (n = 40; 28 %). The reasons cited for use are diverse and included skin rashes (n = 43; 30 %), aches, pains and swelling (n = 38; 28 %) as well as sexually transmitted diseases (n = 28; 19 %). This study identified a high prevalence of THPs using CuSO₄ for healing purposes. These findings support the need to regulate South African traditional medicine to safeguard the user.     

二维多箱模型预测大气环境方法的研究

采用二维多箱模型对石家庄市区大气污染物ＳＯ２进行了计算,分别计算了４个风向的各子箱污染物浓度,然后按其风向频率加权取和得到平均浓度。把计算结果与地面监测值和１９９４－０１中国环境科学研究院的高空航测值进行了比较分析后发现。多箱模型预测大气环境比单箱模型和其它预测方法产生的误差要小。     

低负荷间歇运行燃煤锅炉烟尘排放规律的探讨

通过对不同负荷情况下运行的燃煤锅炉烟尘排放浓度测试，探讨了低负荷间歇运行燃煤锅炉的烟尘排放规律。随着锅炉负荷的降低，过量空气系数变大，烟尘排放浓度和排放量也变大。在相近低负荷条件下运行的不同出力的锅炉，额定出力大的锅炉烟尘排放量大。在燃煤量相近而在不同负荷状态下运行的两台锅炉，额定出力大的锅炉烟尘排放量大。对于常年低负荷运行时的锅炉，环境管理部门在对其烟尘排放进行监督管理时宜以低负荷运行时的烟尘测试数据为依据。     

中国台风灾害及其影响的研究

中国是世界上受热带气旋影响最严重的国家之一。本文对影响和登陆中国的热带气旋活动的特征、台风灾害特点及其形成规律作了分析，并讨论了台风灾害对中国社会和经济发展的影响。分析结果指出，影响中国的台风灾害具有发生频率高、突发性强、群发性显著、影响范围广、成灾强度大等特点，这类灾害主要由台风带来的狂风、暴雨、风暴潮及其引发的灾害链所造成。台风灾害不仅造成大批人员伤亡，而且对中国各个经济部门都有严重影响，它所