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111.
Andersson FA Karlsson A Svensson BH Ejlertsson J 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(7):855-861
Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in biogas originating from a biogas production plant and from a municipal sewage water treatment plant were identified. Samples were taken at various stages of the biogas-producing process, including upgrading the gas to vehicle-fuel quality. Solid-phase microextraction was used for preconcentration of the VSCs, which were subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Other volatile organic compounds present also were identified. The most commonly occurring VSCs in the biogas were hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide was not always the most abundant sulfur (S) compound. Besides VSCs, oxygenated organic compounds were commonly present (e.g., ketones, alcohols, and esters). The effect of adding iron chloride to the biogas reactor on the occurrence of VSCs also was investigated. It was found that additions of 500-g/m3 substrate gave an optimal removal of VSCs. Also, the use of a prefermentation step could reduce the amount of VSCs formed in the biogas process. Moreover, in the carbon dioxide scrubber used for upgrading the gas, VSCs were removed efficiently, leaving traces (ppbv levels). The scrubber also removed other organic compounds. 相似文献
112.
Antarctic limpets, Nacella concinna, from the Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands) for at least part of the year (austral winter) co-exist with
predatory sea stars Lysasterias sp. Our laboratory and field experiments established that the presence of Lysasterias sp. or its odour had considerable influence upon their behaviour. Limpets’ responses, consisting of shell mushrooming, shell
rotation and flight, were distinctly different from their reaction to other stimuli, such as food and conspecific odours,
or mechanical stimulation. Moreover, a significant impact of sea star presence on limpets’ activity was observed, with limpets
fleeing to a distance of 60 cm from the predator. Such reactions allow limpets to lower the incidence of sea star predation,
but at the cost of presumptive disrupting of foraging and an additional energy expended for locomotion. A visible difference
was noted between two limpet populations, with the rockpool limpets responding only after physical contact with being touched
by a sea star, and the subtidal ones responding at a distance of up to 20 cm. 相似文献
113.
Fish mercury increase in Lago Manso, a new hydroelectric reservoir in tropical Brazil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hylander LD Gröhn J Tropp M Vikström A Wolpher H de Castro E Silva E Meili M Oliveira LJ 《Journal of environmental management》2006,81(2):155-166
It has been frequently demonstrated that mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish rise in newly constructed hydroelectric reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere. In the present work, we studied whether similar effects take place also in a tropical upland reservoir during impoundment and discuss possible causes and implications. Total Hg concentrations in fish and several soil and water parameters were determined before and after flooding at Rio Manso hydroelectric power plant in western Brazil. The Hg concentrations in soil and sediment were within the background levels in the region (22-35 ng g(-1) dry weight). There was a strong positive correlation between Hg and carbon and sulphur in sediment. Predatory fish had total Hg concentrations ranging between 70 and 210 ng g(-1) f.w. 7 years before flooding and between 72 and 755 ng g(-1) f.w. during flooding, but increased to between 216 and 938 ng g(-1) f.w. in the piscivorous and carnivorous species Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, cachara, and Salminus brasiliensis, dourado, 3 years after flooding. At the same time, concentrations of organic carbon in the water increased and oxygen concentrations decreased, indicating increased decomposition and anoxia as contributing to the increased Hg concentrations in fish. The present fish Hg concentrations in commonly consumed piscivorous species are a threat to the health of the population dependent on fishing in the dam and downstream river for sustenance. Mercury exposure can be reduced by following fish consumption recommendations until fish Hg concentrations decrease to a safe level. 相似文献
114.
Helena Wedin Ellinor Niit Zaheer Ahmad Mansoor Anna Rúna Kristinsdottir Hanna de la Motte Christina Jönsson Åsa Östlund Christofer Lindgren 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(9):3603-3612
The chemical recycling of cellulosic fibres may represent a next-generation fibre–fibre recycling system for cotton textiles, though remaining challenges include how to accommodate fibre blends, dyes, wrinkle-free finishes, and other impurities from finishing. These challenges may disrupt the regeneration process steps and reduce the fibre quality. This study examines the impact on regenerated viscose fibre properties of a novel alkaline/acid bleaching sequence to strip reactive dyes and dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneureas (DMDHEU) wrinkle-free finish from cotton textiles. Potentially, such a bleaching sequence could advantageously be integrated into the viscose process, reducing the costs and environmental impact of the product. The study investigates the spinning performance and mechanical properties (e.g., tenacity and elongation) of the regenerated viscose fibres. The alkaline/acid bleaching sequence was found to strip the reactive dye and DMDHEU wrinkle-free finish from the cotton fabric, so the resulting pulp could successfully be spun into viscose fibres, though the mechanical properties of these fibres were worse than those of commercial viscose fibres. This study finds that reactive dyes and DMDHEU wrinkle-free finish affect the viscose dope quality and the regeneration performance. The results might lead to progress in overcoming quality challenges in cellulosic chemical recycling. 相似文献
115.
Glen W. Hess Byung R. Kim Philip J.W. Roberts 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(2):359-365
ABSTRACT: The presence of manganese in natural waters (>0.05 mg/L) degrades water-supply quality. A model was devised to predict the variation of manganese concentrations in river water released from an impoundment with the distance downstream. The model is one-dimensional and was calibrated using dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, manganese, and hydraulic data collected in the Duck River, Tennessee. The results indicated that the model can predict manganese levels under various conditions. The model was then applied to the Chattahoochee River, Georgia. Discrepancies between observed and predicted may be due to inadequate pH data, precipitation of sediment particles, unsteady flow conditions in the Chattahoochee River, inaccurate rate expressions for the low pH conditions, or their combinations. 相似文献
116.
Francesca R. Grati Denise Molina Gomes Devika Ganesamoorthy Livia Marcato Simona De Toffol Eleonore Blondeel Francesca Malvestiti Laurence Loeuillet Anna Maria Ruggeri Robert Wainer Federico Maggi Azzedine Aboura Celine Dupont Anne Claude Tabet Fabien Guimiot Howard R. Slater Giuseppe Simoni François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2013,33(1):32-41
117.
118.
119.
Francesca R. Grati Francesca Malvestiti Beatrice Grimi Elisa Gaetani Anna Maria Di Meco Anna Trotta Rosaria Liuti Sara Chinetti Francesca Dulcetti Anna Maria Ruggeri Cristina Agrati Giuditta Frascoli Silvia Milani Simona De Toffol Lorenza Martinoni Silvia Paganini Livia Marcato Federico Maggi Giuseppe Simoni 《黑龙江环境通报》2013,33(5):502-508
120.