建筑陶瓷行业SO2污染物评价及总量控制实用方法

采用高斯点源模型对建陶生产造成的SO2地面浓度增量进行计算.利用比例下降模型计算建陶业的SO2允许排放总量,并根据企业的设备生产能力进行了总量分配,在方法上具有较强的可操作性,计算结果表明,可有效降低所在地区的SO2地面浓度.     

活性污泥系统优化设计对不确定性参数的灵敏度研究

在活性污泥系统优化设计模型参数不确定性分析的基础上,考察了进水负荷、生物动力学参数、曝气设备性能参数和二沉池浓缩常数变化对优化设计的影响。灵敏度分析结果表明,对优化设计影响较大的参数为：进水水量水质、与氧转移效率相关的校正参数以及二沉池的浓缩常数等。研究结果对于低灵敏度系统的设计,提高优化设计结果的工程实用性具有重要的意义。     

Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment

Hormone steroids are a group of endocrine disruptors, which are excreted by humans and animals. In this paper, we briefly review the current knowledge on the fate of these steroids in the environment. Natural estrogenic steroids estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) all have a solubility of approximately 13 mg/l, whereas synthetic steroids 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2) have a solubility of 4.8 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. These steroids have a moderate binding on sediments and are reported to degrade rapidly in soil and water. Estrogenic steroids have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in different countries at concentrations ranging up to 70 ng/l for E1, 64 ng/l for E2, 18 ng/l for E3 and 42 ng/l for EE2. E2 concentrations in river waters from Japan, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands ranged up to 27 ng/l. In addition, E2 concentrations ranging from 6 to 66 ng/l have also been measured in mantled karst aquifers in northwest Arkansas. This contamination of ground water has been associated with poultry litter and cattle manure waste applied on the land. Although hormone steroids have been detected at a number of sources worldwide, currently, there is limited data on the environmental behaviour and fate of these hormone steroids in different environmental media. Consequently, the exposure and risk associated with these chemicals are not adequately understood.     

顶空-气相色谱法(氮磷检测器)测定固定污染源废气中三甲胺

建立了顶空-气相色谱法测定固定污染源废气中三甲胺的分析方法。弱酸性吸收液采集固定污染源废气中的三甲胺,碱液中和后顶空进样气相色谱仪氮磷检测器分析。并对平衡温度、平衡时间、盐析效应、氨水和氢氧化钠条件实验进行优化,在最佳实验条件下,三甲胺的方法检出限为0. 46μg/m~3(以采集20 L空气样品计),加标回收率为97%～107%,相对标准偏差在9. 26%以下。利用该方法对垃圾焚烧发电厂厂界空气及鱼粉厂有组织废气中三甲胺进行检测分析,该方法能够满足国家标准及上海地方标准中三甲胺排放限值的要求。     

臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成效能与机理

比较了单独臭氧氧化和金属氧化物存在下臭氧催化氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成规律,探讨了催化剂投量、溴离子浓度、水的pH值、反应温度等对臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成的影响规律及在催化剂存在下控制溴酸盐生成的机理.结果表明,催化剂投量从0 mg/L增加到250 mg/L,能减少溴酸盐生成量85.1%;当溴离子浓度为0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/L时,臭氧催化氧化分别能减少溴酸盐生成量69.2%、83.5%和15.2%,溴离子浓度变化对催化作用的影响无明显规律;pH值升高会降低催化作用的效果;反应温度在5～25℃之间时,臭氧催化氧化能降低43%～59%的溴酸根生成量(溴离子浓度1.5 mg/L),反应温度变化不影响催化效果.催化剂通过抑制臭氧对次溴酸的氧化减少了溴酸根的生成量.催化剂表面的某些基团与硫酸根络合会削弱臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸根生成的能力,因此,利用催化剂控制溴酸盐的机理与催化剂表面性质密切相关.     

交联壳聚糖-CdS颗粒可见光催化脱色甲基橙研究

利用壳聚糖对金属离子的配位络合作用和吸附性能,模拟生物矿化仿生制备交联壳聚糖/CdS复合粒子。以甲基橙为处理对象,氙灯模拟可见光,研究了该复合材料对甲基橙的降解脱色性能。用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程从动力学的角度,考察了不同催化剂浓度、甲基橙的初始浓度、反应体系的pH值、外加无机阴离子等对甲基橙降解脱色的影响。结果表明,该复合材料的吸附性能和光催化活性产生的协同作用能较有效促进甲基橙染料的脱色,在低质量浓度条件下可见光催化过程为假一级反应。光催化剂的最佳用量为1.5g/L,甲基橙降解的最佳pH为4.0。Cl-和Br-均对MO的光催化脱色起抑制作用,而NO3-的添加明显促进MO的光催化速率。     

某高层建筑条形走廊排烟口布置方式的研究

火灾中烟气具有很高的温度和毒性,是人员安全的最大威胁.高层建筑发生火灾时,走廊是烟气扩散的重要途径,同时也是人员逃生的必经之路.通过建立高层建筑内烟气流动的数学模型,采用κ-ε双方程三维紊流模型,利用Fluent软件对高层建筑火灾时不同排烟口布置方式下的机械排烟进行模拟.对比分析了高层建筑条形走廊内单排烟口置于走廊顶部、侧壁和采用双排烟口时的机械排烟效率以及走廊内的烟气扩散状况.结果表明,排烟口置于顶棚时比排烟口置于侧壁时排烟效率高近10%,采用双排烟口比单排烟口排烟效率高约7%.在前室门附近设置排烟口,一方面减少了新鲜空气向火场的输送,提高了排烟效率;另一方面,可以在前室门附近的走廊内形成一段危险性较小的区域,有利于人员安全疏散.     

Characteristics and assessment of phthalate esters in urban dusts in Guangzhou city, China

Phthalate esters (PAEs) were examined in indoor and outdoor dust samples from the subtropical city of Guangzhou, China. The ∑(16)PAEs concentrations ranged from 121 to 3,223 μg g(-1) dust, with the median concentration of 840 μg g(-1) dust. Significantly higher concentrations of PAEs in dust samples were found in offices where electrical and electronic devices, carpet pads, and office furniture were widely used. Of the 16 PAEs, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAEs in indoor and outdoor dust samples, and accounted for >96.8% and >93.1% of the ∑(16)PAEs concentrations, respectively. The median daily inhalation exposure of ∑(16)PAEs were 3.53 and 0.247 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), and at the 95(th) percentile were 7.62 and 0.530 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), up on the measured concentrations and estimated dust ingestion rates, respectively, for toddles and adults. The ubiquitous distribution of PAEs as noted in this study suggests the need for detailed assessment of PAEs concentrations using more sites and to further investigate the factors influencing PAEs exposure in China.     

浅谈溢油模型的发展及其应用设想

在溢油模型模拟溢油扩散、漂移的轨迹及其归宿的基础上提出溢油反向运算既反推的发展设想，扩展其功能，增加其应用，形成完整的溢油模型，并将该溢油模型运用于海事管理工作中，为海事管理工作服务。