磁性Fe3O4@Mg(OH)2去除水中络合态三价铬

本实验采用一步水热法合成了Fe_3O_4@Mg(OH)_2材料,并将其用于吸附水中络合态的Cr(Ⅲ)-EDTA,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面积(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重(TGA)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等来表征材料的结构和表面特性.结果表明,Mg(OH)_2已经成功的负载到了Fe_3O_4的表面,对水中络合态Cr(Ⅲ)-EDTA有较好的吸附能力,最大吸附量为15.52 mg·g~(-1),吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温线,吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学拟合,随着pH的增加吸附量不断减少,水中高浓度的阳离子对吸附产生促进作用,并且脱附实验证明材料有很好的可循环利用能力.     

Field evaluation of an innovative stormwater treatment device—the StormvaultTM system

This paper reports the results obtained for the determination of Ba concentrations in mineral groundwater samples collected from drilled outlets located in the counties of Covasna and Harghita (34 sampling points), in five expeditions (spring, summer, and autumn), during 3 years: 2005, 2006, and 2007. The experimental data show that there are some sampling sites in which the barium concentration exceeds 1 mg/L, which is the maximum concentration admitted for barium. These mineral natural waters could be used only for therapeutic purposes. All other analyzed natural mineral waters are proper as both drinking and therapeutic water. By means of a principal component analysis a statistical approach was performed, using the data obtained during those analyzing processes. The distribution of the water saturation indexes with respect to a series of mineral species (alstonite, barite, barytocalcite, nitrobarite, sanbornite, and witherite) suggests that barium tends to remain in solution as ionic species in different concentrations and to be further carried away as such.     

提高GCMS离子源温度准确定量低浓度DEHP和PAHs

为解决GCMS难以准确定量环境样品中低浓度多环芳烃、酞酸酯类等高沸点、难挥发性有机物的难题,对比了GC进样口温度与MS温度对测定低浓度邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)、PAHs的影响。结果证明,MS离子源温度是准确定量DEHP、PAHs的关键因素,通过提高MS离子源温度能大幅度提高PAHs的灵敏度,且MS温度对沸点越高的PAHs灵敏度影响越大。在高MS离子源温度(330℃)条件下,建立了16种PAHs的SIM校准曲线,定量浓度低至5 ng/m L,表现出极高的灵敏度。为今后开发各类环境中低浓度难挥发性有机物的GCMS定量方法提供借鉴意义。     

便携式GC-MS测定气体样品中6种典型VOCs的不确定度评定

以便携式GC-MS测定气体样品中6种典型挥发性有机物(VOCs)组分(苯、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、四氯乙烯、乙苯、间二甲苯和1,3,5-三甲基苯)为例,应用不确定度理论,从检测过程和计算方法的角度分析了影响测量不确定度的各种因素:标准气体定值、标准气体稀释、工作曲线的非线性及重复性测定.对各测量不确定度分量进行计算和评定...     

2013年1月中国东部地区重污染过程中上海市细颗粒物的来源追踪模拟研究

大气PM_2.5是当前我国城市和区域面临的最突出的大气污染问题,然而PM_2.5及其关键组分污染的来源不清,严重制约了人们对PM_2.5 的科学认知和污染防控的步伐.本研究以2013年1月中国东部地区一次典型重污染过程为研究案例,利用CAMx三维模型中耦合了物种示踪机制的颗粒物来源追踪方法,探讨和揭示了中国东部地区代表性城市上海及周边地区共4个源区(上海、苏南、浙北、大区域)、8类污染源(包括燃烧源、生产工艺过程、流动源、生活面源、挥发源、扬尘源、农业源、天然源)对上海城区大气中PM_2.5及其关键组分包括水溶性无机离子(SO^2-₄、NO^-₃、NH⁺₄)、元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的污染贡献.研究结果表明,2013年1月份中国东部出现严重灰霾污染期间,上海城区PM_2.5的主要区域贡献为上海本地污染源排放累积(PM_2.5浓度贡献平均为55.4%±22.3%)和长距离输送(38.4%±20.0%).上海地区8类主要排放源中,扬尘源贡献均值最大,达到30.7%±31.8%,其次为燃烧源18.2%±15.6%、流动源18.6%±17.5%、挥发类源16.9%±18.0%.对上海市PM_2.5组分的源解析研究发现,燃烧源对细颗粒物中硫酸盐和硝酸盐的浓度贡献最大,其浓度贡献分别达到56.2%和55.9%.铵盐中72.4%来源于挥发类源贡献,元素碳约78.3%来自于交通源贡献.挥发类源排放和流动源是主要的有机气溶胶贡献源,浓度贡献分别为36.2%和32.5%.     

水体污染卫星遥感监测方法探讨

水质监测分析一般是现场采样、送回化验室分析,本文探讨了水中不同污染物的波谱特征与污染物的定性、定量关系,进行了地面水体波谱测量、污染成分及对应卫星图谱解析,力求找到一种快速、准确的分析方法.     

挥发性有机化合物气体泄漏检测与修复技术

介绍了一种先进的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放控制技术,即设备管线组件泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)技术,详细分析了LDAR技术在国内外的实施经验,并探讨了该技术应用于我国石化行业VOCs排放控制的前景.     

Short-term prediction of the influent quantity time series of wastewater treatment plant based on a chaos neural network model

By predicting influent quantity, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) can be well controlled. The nonlinear dynamic characteristic of WWTP influent quantity time series was analyzed, with the assumption that the series was predictable. Based on this, a short-term forecasting chaos neural network model of WWTP influent quantity was built by phase space reconstruction. Reasonable forecasting results were achieved using this method. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(3): 416–419 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Study of the chemistry of an acid soil column and of the corresponding leachates after the addition of an anaerobic municipal sludge

A column leaching study was carried out over a period of 77 days to determine the changes in the chemistry of an acid soil and of the corresponding leachates after the addition of an anaerobic sludge (equivalent to 69 Mg DW ha⁻¹). By the end of the experiment, the addition of the sludge to the soil had induced an increase in soil pH (from pH 3.6–4.0 to pH 4.1–4.8), in spite of the pronounced decrease in pH detected in the leachates by day 18 of the experiment. The decrease in pH (down to pH 3.3) occurred at the same time as leachate SO₄ and Fe peaked. Once the acidification attributed to sulphide oxidation ceased, the “liming effect” of the sludge became evident and counteracted further proton production – such as that associated with oxidation of NH₄ – at least for the duration of the study. Concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni, and to a lesser extent, Pb in leachates displayed pulses at the beginning of the experiment (first 12 days), whereas the concentration of Cu followed a more irregular pattern; the concentrations of these metals never surpassed the European threshold values for drinking water. In contrast, concentrations of NO₃, Mn, and Cr in leachates had increased by the end of the experiment – in parallel with an increase in dissolved organic C (DOC) – and surpassed the European threshold for drinking water. Mineralisation of native soil organic C (SOC) was enhanced by the addition of this N-rich residue, and the organic C mass balance at the end of the experiment was negative. Nitrogen mass balance, although positive, exhibited a loss of 77% of the N added to the system. The results obtained indicate that application of this sewage sludge to a soil with a pH < 5, at the loading rate used here, and without liming (i.e., non fulfilment of the requirements of the present European Directive) may pose a risk in terms of groundwater contamination.     

在用柴油车环保定期检测NOx的可行性研究

利用发动机台架测试设备对柴油车氮氧化物检测设备进行了对比测试,并对部分发动机的典型工况点和实际车辆进行了氮氧化物排放测试。结果表明,化学电池为原理的检测设备,容易劣化,不建议使用。加载减速工况中的工况点经过调整,能够满足氮氧化物检测要求。对于配备有SCR的符合国四排放标准以上的车辆,进行氮氧化物检测是可行的。经过对不同排放水平的排放检测,氮氧化物检测限值初步确定为1300ppm。