中国家庭消费的生态影响——以家庭生活用电为例

中国生活部门能源消费占能源消费总量的12％，以电能消费为例，用生命周期方法计算了中国家庭1985年和1998年因生活用电而间接产生的CO2、SOx和烟尘的排放。结果发现，与1985年相比，1998年3种污染物的排放量对全国的贡献率分别增加了5．06％，5．16％和3．57％。说明在中国开展家庭消费生态影响研究的重要意义。     

工业废水中硫化促进剂M的HPLC分析及吸附分离法

本文门高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）对工业废水中硫化促进剂Ｍ进行监测，并用高分子多孔树脂做吸附剂，使废水的ＣＯＤ值明显下降。得到三种树脂的动态吸附曲线及最大吸附量、始漏量等重要数据。     

废旧塑料的综合利用

近年来 ,治理“白色污染”、消灭“白色公害”已成为全球的共识 ,从废旧塑料的最终处置、直接再生利用、改性再生利用、热分解以及与其他材料复合等几个方面综述了废旧塑料的综合利用途径 ,其中废旧塑料和其他材料复合的再生利用技术有很好的发展前途 ,将成为今后研究的新热点     

Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China

Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region.     

实施集中供热 改善城区空气环境质量

近几年大、中城市的环境空气质量得到了较大改善，但随着县级城镇的发展扩大．其城区内由于采用燃煤锅炉分散供暖，烟尘、二氧化硫超标排放，造成城镇冬季空气污染严重。实行集中供热，取缔城区的小燃煤锅炉．是改善城区环境空气质量的根本途径。     

Impacts of land cover change on plant and bird species diversity in Hainan Island,China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｃｏｖｅｒｃｈａｎｇｅｈａｓａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｆｏｒｅｓｔｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ．Ｔｈｅｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｎａｔｉｖｅｈａｂｉｔａｔｓｉｓｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏ...     

利用造纸废物生产全粉煤灰轻质建筑材料研究(Ⅰ)

根据外营力自然成岩理论 ,探讨了利用造纸废物与粉煤灰生产复合材料的新理论、新工艺。在工业性试生产中产生的制品具有容重轻、强度高 ,隔热性能和憎水性良好的优点 ;同时 ,由于其吃灰量大 ( >95 % ) ,又为大规模利用粉煤灰开辟了新途径。     

白腐真菌降解持久性有机污染物的研究进展

持久性有机污染物（POPs）是一类在环境中残留期长且能够长距离迁移的高生物毒性化合物,对生态环境和人体健康造成重大危害。微生物降解因其绿色环保、价格低廉、获取容易等优点,成为降解有机污染物的有效途径。其中,白腐真菌作为一类能够高效降解多种难降解有机污染物的微生物,引起学术界广泛关注。本文综述了近年来国内外白腐真菌对典型POPs（多环芳烃、多氯联苯和二恶英）的生物降解过程/机制及土壤生物修复应用的研究进展,并指出了面临的问题和未来的研究方向,为应用白腐真菌修复实际污染环境提供理论指导。     

基于主成分分析的上海春季近地面臭氧污染区域性特征研究

为研究上海春季近地面臭氧污染的区域性特征,对长三角地区55个城市国控站点及上海市54个城市监测站点2016年5月的臭氧监测网络数据进行主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA),并将分析结果与气象条件进行综合分析,结果表明,主成分分析在不同的空间尺度下可以解析出行为模式不同的臭氧生成及传输来源主成分,且在较大的空间尺度下可以解析出区域背景臭氧浓度.长三角地区春季区域臭氧特征复杂,存在9个主成分,第一主成分所能解释的背景臭氧浓度在68.8～154.7μg·m~(-3)之间,而上海市主成分解析结果较为集中,仅能解析出两个主成分,且第一主成分即可解释90.5%的臭氧.对比同时段长三角及上海市主成分分析解析结果,上海市春季臭氧污染主要受到来自海洋的东南风影响,高浓度臭氧污染的本地生成贡献显著.