Effect of Hexadecyl Lactate as Plasticizer on the Properties of Poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactide) Films for Food Packaging Applications

In this study, poly(l-lactide) (PLA) films were fabricated by melt processing and the plasticizing effect of hexadecyl lactate (HL) (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 wt% on PLA were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile, transparency, and water vapor permeability tests. The SEM analysis revealed that PLA with 10 wt% HL appeared uniform with extra small bumps, confirmed the interaction between PLA and HL. The thermal analysis revealed a glass transition temperature of 57.4 °C for neat PLA film, but the addition of HL elicited a decrease in the temperature of the peak (43.8 °C). The incorporation of plasticizer into PLA resulted in the increase of elongation at break, as well as the decrease of tensile strength and tensile modulus. Even though a decrease in transparency was recorded, the PLA/HL blend films appeared transparent by visually observation. The water vapor permeability of PLA/HL blend films increased with the increase of HL. The PLA/HL blend films could effectively extend the shelf-life of fresh-cut pears as the commercial low density polyethylene films. The results indicated that the properties of PLA films can be modified with the addition of HL and PLA/HL blend films could serve as an alternative as food packaging materials to reduce environmental problems associated with synthetic packaging films.     

磷酸根和硫离子在纳米铁表面的竞争吸附

通过纳米铁对磷酸根和硫离子的单吸附和竞争吸附的研究,从吸附动力学和吸附等温线两个方面分析并验证了其吸附特性和模式。分析表明,相对于磷酸根,纳米铁对硫离子的吸附能力更强,在竞争条件下居优势地位。采用准一级和准二级吸附动力学方程对实验数据进行模拟分析,结果表明,纳米铁对磷酸根和硫离子的吸附符合二级动力学方程。吸附等温线分析采用Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线方程模拟分析,分析结果表明,纳米铁颗粒对磷酸根的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模式,而对硫离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模式。     

ZR-BV阻燃电缆绝缘材料热老化寿命研究

利用热分析技术,在实验的基础上对阻燃绝缘材料热老化寿命进行了研究．推算出了电缆热老化寿命快速评定法的计算公式,对不同载流情况下电缆绝缘材料热老化寿命进行了比较,并对电缆热老化程度进行了分析。     

三峡工程的环境与移民问题

三峡水利枢纽是在长江上修建的世界第一大水电站,它规模宏大,举世属目,具有巨大的防洪,发电,航运等综合效益,是开发治理长江的骨干工程。三峡工程建设将对生态与环境产生广泛而深远的影响,为国内外所关注。它的有利影响主要在长江中下游,能有效地抗御洪水和提供巨量的清洁洁能源;不利影响主要是在库区,将形成库区淹没和大量移民。     

城市住区人居环境生态设计：海口市望海狮城生态小区设计实例

在海口“望海猩城”生态小区人居环境设计过程中,采有生态设计方法对住宅区内的绿色空间、水资源系统、废弃物处理系统、道路交通系统及建筑空间等进行了规划设计,力求使之形成安全、健康、舒适、高质量、高效益的现代化生态文明住区。     

Environmental study of two significant solid samples: gravitation dust sediment and soil

In this work are presented results of the complex study of two significant solid environmental samples: gravitation dust sediments (industrial pollutants, potential source of risk elements input to soils) and soils (component of the environment, potential source of risk elements input to food web). The first phase of this study was focused on the study of the significant chemical properties (phase composition, content of organic and inorganic carbon) of the dust and soil samples. In the second phase, the fractionation analysis was used on the evaluation of the mobility of chosen risk elements (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the studied samples. The single-step extractions were applied in the order of the isolation of the element forms (fractions), with different mobilities during defined ecological conditions by utilization of the following reagents: 1 mol dm^− 3 NH₄NO₃ for isolation of the “mobile” fraction, 0.05 mol dm^− 3 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 0.43 mol dm^− 3 CH₃COOH for isolation of the “mobilizable” fraction, and 2 mol dm^− 3 HNO₃ for isolation of all releasable forms. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it is possible to state that different origins and positions of solid environmental samples in the environment reflect in different chemical properties of their matrix. The different properties of the sample matrix result in different mobilities of risk elements in these kinds of samples. The fractionation analysis with single-step extraction for isolation element fractions is the method most suitable for easy checking of environmental pollution and for evaluation of risk elements cycle in the environment.     

菏泽市环境空气中VOCs污染特征研究

为研究菏泽市环境空气中VOCs的污染特征,参照EPA TO-15方法对菏泽市环境空气中的VOCs进行分析,并对VOCs的组成、浓度状况、来源和对臭氧生成潜势的贡献等进行探讨。结果表明,该市环境空气中共定性检出挥发性有机物82种,其中烷烃和苯系物分别占有机物种类的29%、22%,VOCs平均浓度为25.6μg/m3。监测期间,环境空气中的VOCs主要来自汽车尾气排放、汽油蒸汽、液态石油的挥发,其中交通尾气排放是该区域监测期间的主要排放源。烷烃、芳烃是对菏泽市环境空气中臭氧生成潜势贡献较大的关键活性组分,其对臭氧生产潜势的贡献率分别为32.6%、49.9%。     

固相微萃取技术在苯胺等突发性水环境污染事故中的应用

建立了固相微萃取与车载气相色谱-质谱联用技术现场快速定量分析突发性水环境污染事故中的硝基苯、苯酚、苯胺3种半挥发性有机物的方法。选用PA萃取纤维,调节水样p H为8.5,加入30%的氯化钠,45℃顶空萃取30 min可得最佳萃取效果。在最佳实验条件下,硝基苯、苯酚、苯胺的方法检出限分别为0.68、3.2、4.88μg/L;平行测定7次的相对标准偏差分别为5.37%、8.31%、2.86%;3种化合物的相关性系数均大于0.99;对实际样品测定的加标回收率在61.1%~120%。     

广东省地表水自动监测系统数据传输协议的设计及应用

通过对广东省地表水自动监测系统的软件总体结构、数据传输主流技术等方面的分析,提出数据传输协议的选择和设计方法,以及监测数据类型、远程控制命令、监测项目代码及质量在线控制溯源机制等4大主要数据传输内容。技术成果分别应用在《广东省地表水自动监测系统数据传输规范》的制定、地表水自动监测系统数据传输软件系统的开发、质量控制在线溯源机制的建立和水站智能化改造等方面,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。