乙酸钠为碳源时进水COD和总磷对生物除磷的影响

研究了乙酸钠为碳源时,乙酸盐和总磷浓度对循序间歇式生物除磷工艺运行效果的影响,以及含高浓度乙酸盐废水不能有效除磷的原因结果表明:COD<600mg·L^-1时,随着COD/TP值的增大,总磷去除率提高,COD/TP<50时,磷的去除率提高显著,但当COD/TP>50时,磷的去除变化不大;进水乙酸盐浓度过高(COD>600mg·L^-1)使除磷效率逐渐下降,COD>1000 mg·L^-1会使生物除磷系统完全崩溃;研究发现除磷效率的下降是由于过多的乙酸盐从厌氧段进入了好氧段,引起丝状菌的增殖、污泥膨胀,导致聚磷菌被洗出.     

呼和浩特市大气气态和颗粒物上正构烷烃的研究

采用聚氨基甲酸乙酯和玻璃纤维滤膜采集样品并测定。大气中总正构烷烃的浓度分布、气／固分布比与季节变化、污染源有关。在呼市大气中总正构烷烃（Ｃ１５－Ｃ３３），夏季主要存在气态中（７８％），而冬季主要存在于颗粒物上（８３％）。内蒙古草原大气对照样品中，气态中总正构烷烃在冬夏两季所占百分比都约为５０％。市区冬季大气颗粒物上的总正构烷烃浓度比其它城市结果高出１－２个数量级。     

液桥凝聚用于办公废纸脱墨的研究

研究了混合办公废纸脱墨的选择性凝聚技术,在废纸浆中添加分散在水中并不与水相溶的长链烷作凝聚剂,这些凝聚剂选择性地将印刷墨粉通过液桥连结在一起,且形成大颗粒的球形聚团,再分选脱除.研究表明只需要加入占纸重量4%的廉价长链烷,即可获得95%以上的脱墨率.因此在混合办公废纸脱墨时加入凝聚剂进行液桥凝聚,可降低脱墨浆中的尘埃度并增加产品的白度.     

基于生态绿当量的开封土地利用研究

基于生态绿当量的提出与模型的建立,计算水田、旱田、园地和林地的生态绿当量,得到研究区域的综合绿当量,并将该值与以最佳森林覆盖率的生态优化标准进行比较。对研究区域的土地利用结构进行现状评价,在此基础上对研究区域土地利用结构进行优化调整。以开封为例,针对开封土地利用问题,提出优化方案,以期达到经济、社会和生态效益的统一。     

Understanding why consumers in China switch between wild,farmed, and synthetic bear bile products

An important rationale for legally farmed and synthetic wildlife products is that they reduce illegal, wild-sourced trade by supplying markets with sustainable alternatives. For this to work, more established illegal-product consumers must switch to legal alternatives than new legal-product consumers switch to illegal wild products. Despite the widespread debate on the magnitude and direction of switching, studies among actual consumers are lacking. We used an anonymous online survey of 1421 traditional Chinese medicine consumers in China to investigate switching among legal farmed, synthetic, and illegal wild bear bile. We examined the past consumption behavior, applied a discrete choice experiment framed within worsening hypothetical disease scenarios, and used latent class models to investigate groups with shared preferences. Bear bile consumers (86% respondents) were wealthier, more likely to have family who consumed bile, and less knowledgeable about bile treatments than nonconsumers. Consumer preferences were heterogenous, but most consumer preferences switched between bile types as disease worsened. We identified five distinct latent classes within our sample: law-abiding consumers (34% respondents), who prefer legal products and were unlikely to switch; two all-natural consumer groups (53%), who dislike synthetics but may switch between farmed and wild; and two nonconsumer groups (12%), who prefer not to buy bile. People with past experience of bile consumption had different preferences than those without. Willingness to switch to wild products was related to believing they were legal, although the likelihood of switching was mediated by preferences for cheaper products sold in legal, familiar places. We found that consumers of wild bile may switch to legal alternatives, given the availability of a range of products, whereas legal-product consumers may switch to illegal products if the barriers to doing so are small. Understanding preferences that promote or impede switching should be a key consideration when attempting to predict consumer behavior in complex wildlife markets.     

对矿井通风问题的思考

矿井通风问题往往会导致煤矿瓦斯爆炸的事故,从风机选择、系统设计、调节方式及管理等方面提出了看法与建议。     

复合生物反应器工艺对化纤废水的处理研究

在普通活性污泥系统的曝气池中投加一定量的填料构成复合生物反应器 ,可以增加曝气池中的生物体量至 6g/L左右 ,在HRT为 8h ,泥龄为 5d时 ,CODCr、氨氮的去除率分别提高了 2 0 %和9.6% ,容积负荷对复合生物反应器的脱氮能力影响较小。该工艺对污泥膨胀有较好的控制     

Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (BLRs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling

Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor （R1） started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate （OLR） of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m3.day）, COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor （R2） started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/（m^3·day）, COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients （R2 〉 0.95）, which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.     

Chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies associated to small for gestational age fetuses with no additional structural anomalies

Objectives: To assess the chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses with no additional structural anomalies and their clinical outcomes. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the 128 SGA fetuses with no additional anomalies and underwent genetic testing with karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Stratified analysis was performed according to the existence of maternal risk factors for SGA (yes or no), gestational age at onset (before or after 32 weeks), presence of oligohydraminos (yes or no), and umbilical artery Doppler flow (normal or abnormal). Results: Chromosomal anomalies were identified in 6 (4.7%) SGA fetuses and pathogenic subchromosomal anomalies in 4 (3.1%) by microarray analysis. Chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies were more frequently observed in cases with oligohydraminos (P = .017) and with early-onset SGA (P = .042). No differences were observed in relation to the existence of maternal risk factors and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow. Overall survival rate was 75.0% with different rates in the early and the late onset group (P < .001). Conclusions: There is a 3.3% incremental yield of subchromosomal anomalies in CMA above karyotyping in SGA fetuses. Chromosomal microarray analysis is recommended in SGA fetuses with no additional structural anomalies, especially coexisting with oligohydraminos and being early onset.