2种浸出方法对水泥熟料的适用性比较

采用2种不同类型的代表性浸出方法:TCLP和NEN7371对不同重金属含量及不同烧制条件下所得水泥熟料进行浸出实验.结果表明,NEN7371方法下各样品中所有受试重金属几乎均有检出,大部分重金属的浸出率均高于10%;重金属的浸出浓度与其在熟料样品中含量的趋势对应性较好;TCLP方法下各样品中的受试重金属均只有部分检出,且浸出率一般在0.5%左右,浸出浓度很低,仪器检测误差较大.说明在考察水泥熟料中重金属的浸出特性时,NEN7371方法的适用性相对更好.     

安全饮用水保障处理中试平台的开发和建设

安全饮用水保障处理中试平台，除具有常规处理工艺外，还引入臭氧接触氧化／催化臭氧氧化、纳滤和反渗透过滤技术、动态膜树脂吸附、光催化氧化、管网生物膜控制等新技术。作者介绍了中试平台建设的设计思路、处理流程及控制系统，并对平台建设的作用进行了阐述。     

河流型水源地源水典型氯化消毒副产物及其前体物的强化去除工艺

以长三角某典型河流型水源地源水为研究对象,设计了传统工艺及基于凹凸棒土处理单元的6种强化工艺,对各工艺及其处理单元应用于典型氯化消毒副产物(三卤甲烷和卤乙酸)及其前体物控制的技术和经济可行性进行了系统分析。结果表明,预O3+凹土强化混凝+O3-GAC强化的工艺对上述2种消毒副产物及其前体物的控制效果最佳;在传统工艺中单纯增加O3处理也能在一定程度上提高其对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果;KMnO4控制消毒副产物的效果一般,但KMnO4处理可强化后续单元对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果。各工艺处理出水中三卤甲烷和卤乙酸单项指标均能达标,但传统工艺和经凹土强化混凝+GAC强化的工艺出水三卤甲烷4种化合物的实测浓度与其各自限值的比值之和均大于1.0,不能满足水质要求,必须进行强化处理。凹土强化混凝单元在6种强化工艺条件下对三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成潜能(HAAFP)的去除率较传统混凝单元平均提高15.99%和4.92%;各强化工艺对THMFP和HAAFP的去除率较传统工艺均提高20%以上(除凹土强化混凝+GAC强化的工艺外),消毒副产物产生量降低40%以上,工艺成本降低20%以上。     

Kinetic study of the removal of dimethyl phthalate from an aqueous solution using an anion exchange resin

Phthalate acid esters are becoming an important class of pollutants in wastewaters. This study addresses the kinetics of removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) using the anion exchange resin D201-OH from an aqueous solution. The effects of various factors on the removal rate and efficiency were investigated. An overall initial removal rate (OIRR) law and a pseudo first-order kinetic (PFOK) model were also developed. The internal diffusion of DMP within the resin phase of D201-OH is the rate-controlling step. Optimization of the particle size and pore structure of the resin D201-OH, the DMP concentration, and the reaction temperature can improve the DMP removal rate. The hydrolysis reaction of DMP catalyzed by D201-OH indicates an overall reaction order of 1.76, a value that is between the first order and the second order. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 34.6 kJ/mol, which is below the homogeneous alkaline hydrolysis activation energy of 44.3 kJ/mol. The OIRR law can quantify the initial removal rate under different conditions. The results also show that the theoretical DMP removal efficiency predicted by the PFOK model agrees well with the experimentally determined values. Our research provides valuable insights into the primary parameters influencing the kinetic process, which enables a focused improvement in the removal or hydrolysis rate for similar processes.     

Bioaccumulation,subcellular, and molecular localization and damage to physiology and ultrastructure in Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze exposed to yttrium

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute toxicity of yttrium (Y) were evaluated in Nymphoides peltata. The effects of Y concentrations of 1–5 mg L^?1 applied for 4 days were assessed by measuring changes in photosynthetic pigments, nutrient contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Y in subcellular fractions decreased in the order of cell wall > organelle > soluble fraction. Much more Y was located in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The content of some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mo) increased in N. peltata, but there was an opposite effect for P and K. Meanwhile, ascorbate, and catalase activity decreased significantly for all Y concentrations. In contrast, peroxidase activity was induced, while initial rises in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were followed by subsequent declines. Morphological symptoms of senescence, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were observed even at the lowest Y concentration. Pigment content decreased as the Y concentration rose and the calculated EC₅₀ and MPC of Y for N. peltata were 2 and 0.2 mg L^?1 after 4 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that exogenous Y was highly available in water and that its high concentration in water bodies might produce harmful effects on aquatic organisms. N. peltata is proposed as a biomonitor for the assessment of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.     

天氧污泥对问二氯苯的吸附性能

为了研究灭活厌氧污泥和活性厌氧污泥对问二氯苯（m-DCB）的吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间、吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学、污泥投加量和pH对吸附m-DCB的影响。结果表明,2种污泥对m-DCB的吸附在1h内达到平衡。应用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学对实验数据进行验证,表明厌氧污泥吸附m-DCB更符合伪二级反应动力学模型。2种污泥对m-DCB的吸附都可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型拟合,但Langrnuir吸附模型的拟合结果要好于Freundlich模型,且活性厌氧污泥的吸附性能显著高于灭活厌氧污泥。从吸附热力学上看,该吸附为放热反应,低温有利于吸附反应的进行。pH值对2种污泥吸附m-DCB的影响很小。     

山羊粪污颗粒静态好氧堆肥过程的生物强化

对山羊粪便颗粒进行了理化表征,发现其外表致密内芯多孔的结构特点,且其总体C/N比为25.69~27.88,适合直接堆肥,提出采用生物接种破坏表层,强化堆肥进程的思路.研究结果表明,生物接种可以大大强化堆肥过程中的生化反应进程,缩短堆肥发酵周期.产物中N、P含量随着生物接种量的增加而增大.当以VT-1000菌剂按10 mL/kg干物质接种时,堆体温度在2 d内就达到50℃,在高温期50~60℃维持7 d以上,其堆肥腐熟后物料TN、TP分别增加0.70%和1.59%,其C/N<15,更趋于稳定化,且最终产物中粪大肠菌群数<3个/g,未检验出蛔虫卵,实现了无害化处理.     

微波无极紫外光催化降解茜素绿的性能研究及产物分析

以微波无极紫外灯为光源,P25型TiO2为催化剂,研究了微波反应器中茜素绿(AG)的光催化降解性能,考察了染料初始浓度及pH对降解效率的影响,利用ESI电子喷雾质谱和离子色谱测定了茜素绿降解的中间产物,并对产物的可生化性进行了分析。结果表明,微波/紫外/二氧化钛体系拓宽了染料浓度和pH的适用范围。降解后生成了大量小分子物质,可生化性得到了大幅度的提高,BOD5/COD值从反应前的0.0959增加到了0.40。     

船用阀门常见故障类型及可靠性试验方法研究

船用阀门在实际使用当中存在各种各样的故障类型,本文对船用阀门的故障模式及故障原因进行了汇总,并结合实际使用情况给出了阀门主要故障类型。然后通过故障原因分析确认导致故障的主要应力来源,由此设计了一套用于考核船用阀门可靠性水平的试验方法,为该类产品进行可靠性考核提供参考。