航空电连接器海洋环境加速试验与腐蚀仿真研究

目的 通过加速试验和有限元仿真,研究航空电连接器在南海岛礁服役条件下的失效行为和腐蚀机理.方法 根据典型航空装备南海服役环境数据,设计海洋环境加速腐蚀试验环境谱,基于此环境谱开展航空电连接器在实验室加速试验条件下的外观腐蚀、接触电阻、绝缘电阻和耐压强度的变化行为和机理研究.重点分析接触电阻变化原因,并基于水平集方法,建立插针插孔结合处的COMSOL有限元腐蚀仿真模型,模拟和验证接触件的腐蚀行为和机理.结果 3种规格的电连接器均发生壳体腐蚀,但程度不同,其中不锈钢壳体电连接器壳体腐蚀最轻,但壳体内部金属卡圈腐蚀最严重,其接触电阻波动最大.所有电连接器的耐压强度和绝缘电阻均有明显减小.结论 导致接触电阻增加的直接原因是插针和插孔结合处的毛细区内发生了严重腐蚀.有限元模型复现了腐蚀界面发展和腐蚀产物沉积过程.     

唐山市基于GIS的PM2.5空间聚集性及分区管控

以ArcGIS软件为平台,采用唐山市206个在线监测点数据,分析了PM_2.5在采暖期、重污染期、非采暖期3个时期的全局和局部空间自相关性,研究其大气污染空间分布特征.结果表明,3个时期均具有一定的空间自相关性,且重污染期的全局空间自相关最强;采暖期和重污染期PM_2.5高值聚类主要发生在中部地区,低值聚类则主要分布在北部山区及沿海少部分区域;非采暖期高值聚类主要分布在丰润区和丰南区,低值聚类发生在遵化市北部地区.通过空间插值模拟全市的PM_2.5分布状况,结果显示唐山市在重污染期PM_2.5均值最高格点值达241μg/m³,而非采暖期最低值只有37μg/m³;基于PM_2.5浓度变化特征和空间分布,将唐山所辖18个区县划分为5个区域,针对各区域提出PM_2.5分区管控措施建议.     

污染物排放与巴州产业经济发展关系研究

本文以"十三五"环境统计数据及巴音郭楞蒙古自治州统计年鉴为数据源分析了巴州污染源时空变化及污染物排放强度,总结出污染物排放主要受社会经济生产、能源消耗、产业发展及环境保护政策等综合因素影响,并提出了建议以期政策实施促进巴州环境经济可持续发展.     

An antibiotic composite electrode for improving the sensitivity of electrochemically active biofilm biosensor

• Antibiotic azithromycin employed in graphite electrode for EAB biosensor. • Azithromycin at 0.5% dosage increased the sensitivity for toxic formaldehyde. • Azithromycin increased the relative abundance of Geobacter. • Azithromycin regulated thickness of electroactive biofilm. Extensive research has been carried out for improved sensitivity of electroactive biofilm-based sensor (EAB-sensor), which is recognized as a useful tool in water quality early-warning. Antibiotic that is employed widely to treat infection has been proved feasible in this study to regulate the EAB and to increase the EAB-biosensor’s sensitivity. A novel composite electrode was prepared using azithromycin (AZM) and graphite powder (GP), namely AZM@GP electrode, and was employed as the anode in EAB-biosensor. Different dosages of AZM, i.e., 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg, referred to as 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% AZM@GP were under examination. Results showed that EAB-biosensor was greatly benefited from appropriate dosage of AZM (0.5% AZM@GP) with reduced start-up time period, comparatively higher voltage output, more readable electrical signal and increased inhibition rate (30%-65% higher than control sensor with GP electrode) when exposing to toxic formaldehyde. This may be attributed to the fact that AZM inhibited the growth of non-EAM without much influence on the physiologic or metabolism activities of EAM under proper dosage. Further investigation of the biofilm morphology and microbial community analysis suggested that the biofilm formation was optimized with reduced thickness and enriched Geobacter with 0.5% AZM@GP dosage. This novel electrode is easily fabricated and equipped, and therefore would be a promising way to facilitate the practical application of EAB-sensors.     

Construction,renovation, and demolition waste in landfill: a review of waste characteristics,environmental impacts,and mitigation measures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increase in global population, industrialization, and urbanization, waste from construction, renovation, and demolition (CRD) activities has...     

Evaluation of phoxim toxicity on aquatic and zebrafish intestinal microbiota by metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phoxim is one of the main organophosphorus pesticides used in agricultural production. However, little information is known about how it affects the...     

One-part alkali-activated slag binder for cemented fine tailings backfill: proportion optimization and properties evaluation

In this study, a one-part alkali-activated slag (AAS) composed of ground-granulated blast furnace slag, desulfurized gypsum, and hydrated lime is proposed as alternative to cement for the production of cemented fine tailings backfill (CFTB), which is an environmentally friendly binder consisting of 93.72 wt.% industrial solid waste. Results show that AAS with 67.83 wt.% slag, 25.92 wt.% desulfurized gypsum, and 6.25 wt.% hydrated lime yields the highest strength, which is 1.7–3.2 times that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Aside from calcium silicate hydrate gel, appreciable quantity of ettringite characterized by interlocking needles structure and high bound water is also produced during the AAS hydration process. In addition, the hydration heat of the AAS binder is 48% less than that of OPC. Moreover, CFTB made of AAS provides better workability than that of CFTB with OPC up to 20 h. The findings of this study will contribute to the production of more cost-effective, durable, and environmental-friendly cemented fine tailings backfill.

     

某高密度街区大气颗粒物质量浓度分布特征实测研究

为研究城市高密度街区大气颗粒物浓度分布特征,2019年秋季对上海市某高密度街区道路大气颗粒物浓度、空气温度、相对湿度、地理位置、车辆与道路图像视频信息进行了同步移动在线监测,并结合街区内固定站数据和后向轨迹模拟结果,总结了影响街区大气颗粒物浓度变化的主要因素。结果表明:城市大气颗粒物背景拟合值处于较低水平时,街区内的大气颗粒物浓度变化和影响因素易被识别;机动车污染源对大气颗粒物浓度贡献大,其中大型机动车的影响明显;户外施工和道路清扫会引起大气颗粒物浓度上升,其中PM₁₀上升更明显;交通密度大的十字路口大气颗粒物浓度通常较高;城市高架的盖状结构会阻碍大气颗粒物在垂直方向上的扩散,引起局部大气颗粒物浓度上升;街区内高大浓密的乔木对近地面的大气颗粒物屏蔽效果不理想,甚至有助于颗粒物累积;早晚高峰时段大气颗粒物浓度较非高峰时段高。     

基于AHP-PSO的滇池流域生态补偿标准评估

通过AHP（层次分析法）在决策目标、影响指标及评估方案3层要素之间,选取湖泊环境、社会因素及经济因素3个维度的25个基层指标,建立了湖泊生态补偿标准评估指标体系。采用MATLAB软件编写了2个程序,分别用于求解初始评分矩阵、计算评估方案权重和辅助PSO（粒子群优化算法）修正指标体系中不满足一致性要求的初始评分矩阵、优化层次分析结果。经计算,生态系统服务价值理论与污染治理费用法的权重分别为38.16%、61.84%。选用生态系统服务价值理论与污染治理费用法两种评估方案,并结合市场价值法、成果参照法、影子工程法、Vollenweider模型及完全混合模型,通过实证研究检验评估标准的合理性。计算得出滇池流域的生态补偿标准总额为32.630 2亿元/a,流域内单位面积的生态补偿标准为5 207元/（a·hm²）。