危险废物处理处置技术评价方法研究

在对不同危险废物处理处置技术评价方法适用性进行分析的基础上,对危险废物处理处置技术评价方法进行了系统研究.结果发现专家评价法和环境技术评价(EnTA)法以定性评价为主,简单易行,应用范围广泛;生命周期评价(LCA)法以定量为主,但由于数据采集困难,目前在应用上还面临很多困难;层次分析(AHP)法把定性与定量评价融合得比较好,对于解决危险废物处理处置技术的选择问题行之有效.     

An evaluation of the UAM-V predicted concentrations of carbon monoxide and reactive nitrogen compounds over the eastern United States during summer 1995

While there is a clear need to evaluate a photochemical model's ability in predicting not only the concentrations of O3, but also precursors and other trace species, many previous studies have focused only on the assessment of During the 1995 summer season, in addition to the routine monitoring of criteria pollutants, several research-oriented monitoring campaigns were conducted over the eastern United States, providing an extensive database of reactive nitrogen compounds, CO, and speciated hydrocarbon data. In this study, we examine the ability of a photochemical modeling system, RAMS/ UAM-V, to reproduce the measured concentrations of CO, NO2, and NOy over the region during the summer of 1995. The results demonstrate that there is agreement between modeled and measured seasonal average concentrations of NO2, both at the routine and research monitors. The same is true for NOy, but to a lesser degree. However, the model is found to significantly underpredict CO for the routine monitors in comparison to the research monitors.     

Anaerobic degradation of pyrrolidine and piperidine coupled with nitrate reduction

Biodegradability of secondary amines (pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine) under anaerobic conditions was examined in microbial consortia from six different environmental sites. The consortia degraded pyrrolidine and piperidine under denitrifying conditions. Enrichment cultures were established by repeatedly sub-culturing the consortia on pyrrolidine or piperidine in the presence of nitrate. The enrichments strictly required nitrate for the anaerobic degradation and utilized pyrrolidine or piperidine as a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source for their anaerobic growths. The anaerobic degradation of pyrrolidine and piperidine reduced nitrate to nitrogen gas, indicating that these anaerobic degradations were coupled with a respiratory nitrate reduction.     

Ozone air quality over North America: part I--a review of reported trends

Ozone and precursor trends can be used to measure the effectiveness of regulatory programs that have been implemented. In this paper, we review trends in the concentrations of O3 NOx, and HCs over North America that have been reported in the literature. Although most existing trend studies are confounded by meteorological variability, both the raw data trends and the trends adjusted for meteorology collectively indicate a general decreasing trend in O3 concentrations in most areas of the United States during 1985-1996. In Canada, mean daily maximum 1-hr O3 concentrations at urban sites show mixed trends with a majority of sites showing an increase from 1980 to 1993. Mean daily maximum 1-hr O3 at most regionally representative Canadian sites appears to decrease from 1985 to 1993 or shows no significant change. There are far fewer data and analyses of NOx and HC trends. Available studies covering various ranges of years indicate decreases in ambient NO and HC concentrations in Los Angeles, CA, decreases in HC concentrations in northeastern U.S. cities, and decreases in NOx concentrations in Canadian cities. Two key needs are long-term HC and NOx measurements, particularly at rural sites, and a systematic comparison of trend detection techniques on a reference data set.     

Does the Harvard/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ambient Particle Concentrator change the toxic potential of particles?

Inhalation exposure to urban air particles is known to increase morbidity in humans and animals. Our group utilizes the Harvard/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ambient Particle Concentrator (HAPC) to generate concentrated aerosols of outdoor air particles for experimental exposures. We have reported increased pathologic responses to inhalation of concentrated urban air particles and identified silicon (as silicate) as an element associated with many of these responses. Using silicate-rich Mt. St. Helen's volcanic ash (MSHA), we exposed three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation for 6 hr to filtered air, MSHA, or MSHA passed though the HAPC. Twenty-four hours following exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to assess total cell count, differential cell count, protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and n-beta-glucosaminidase levels. Peripheral blood was examined for packed cell volume, total protein, total white cells, and differential cell count. Morphologic studies localized particles in the lung and assessed pulmonary vasculature. No significant differences were observed among any of the groups in any parameter measured including morphometric analysis of pulmonary vasoconstriction. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray analysis identified particles as silicates typical of MSHA throughout the lung. These findings suggest that particles passing through the HAPC have no change in their toxic potential in an exposure setting where particle deposition in the lung has occurred.     

活性硅酸混凝剂PFASSC处理造纸废水

利用硅酸钠、硫酸铝、三氯化铁和硫酸为主要原料制备了复合型活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ并对造纸废水进行了处理，得到活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ最佳配方为：ＰＨ＝２．０（Ｆｅ＾３＋＋Ａｌ＾２）／ＳｉＯ２（摩尔比）＝１．５，Ｆｅ＾３＋／Ａｌ＾３＋（摩尔比）＝１．０，与常用混凝剂相比，ＰＦＡＳＳＣ混凝剂处理造纸废水对除浊、脱色和去除ＣＤＤＣｒ有更加优良的性能。     

田湾核电站外围辐射环境监测工作的质量保证

总结了田湾核电站外围辐射环境监测中的质量保证实施情况，包括：人员培训和考核，仪器设备溯源，样品采集、运输、贮存及生物样品前处理的质控，样品分析和现场监测的质控，数据的记录处理和管理要求等，最后提出几点建议。     

以HAZOP与LOPA进行二醋片筒仓系统的风险评估

采用HAZOP与LOPA相结合的方法,对二醋片筒仓系统开展风险分析,结果表明,现有安全防护不足,在新增安全措施后,将风险降低至可接受水平。     

关于我国环境税改革的思考

20世纪90年代以来,经济合作与发展组织（OECD）成员国开始广泛利用税制绿化来解决环境问题,取得了显著成效。我国目前还没有专门的以环境保护为目标的环境税,涉及环境保护的税收主要有资源税、消费税、城市维护建设税、城镇土地使用税和耕地占用税,但这些税类初始政策制定目标均不是为了环境保护。     

扰动强度对钝化剂抑制滇池沉积物磷释放的影响

选取滇池福保湾表层沉积物,以聚合氯化铝为钝化剂,研究了扰动强度对钝化剂抑制沉积物中磷释放的影响.结果表明,当扰动强度低于一定范围时,聚合氯化铝对沉积物中的磷有抑制作用,当转速为0,60,120r/min时,对应的水中磷浓度分别为初始值的62.5%,71.7%和83.4%;当转速达到240r/min时,沉积物会向水中释放大量磷,钝化作用完全被破坏,水中磷浓度为初始值的3.3倍.此外,在转速低于120r/min时,磷形态主要是以无机磷(DIP)为主的溶解性磷(DTP),而转速达到240r/min时,水中DTP/TP30%,DIP/DTP40%,即磷形态主要为不溶性磷,溶解性磷中以有机磷(DOP)为主.