我国上市公司环境信息披露现状初步研究

本文利用内容分析法对所取200家上市公司的2006年年报进行分析,得出有近一半左右的上市公司进行了环境信息披露,但是这些披露大多以定性描述为主,且描述的文字数量较少.本文还分析了影响年报中环境信息披露的因素,如行业类型、上市年份以及所在地区等,对其影响都很小.最后提出了政府制定上市企业环境信息披露的指南,强化对现有上市公司的监管,发挥公众的监督作用促进上市企业环保披露等政策建议.     

积极探索新时期环境经济政策体系

尽管在目前的中国环保工作中,经济手段已有不少应用,但它们仍然只是法规制度和行政命令的补充,市场机制发育不完善,没有进行全面系统的环境经济政策研究。在全面完善市场经济的形势下,应本着总体框架与重要政策相结合,国际经验借鉴与国内研究桕结合,近期可实施、中期需突破、远期要储备相结合,研究前瞻性与试点可操作性桕结合等原则,积极开展环境经济政策制定和试点,争取用1O年左右的时间初步建立中国的环境经济政策体系。     

KTV、慢摇吧等娱乐场所噪声治理方法研究

近年来,随着KTV,慢摇吧等娱乐场所的增加,娱乐场所带来的噪声扰民问题也日益突出。由于业主、施工单位等缺乏隔声降噪的专业知识,使得这一问题没有很好解决。本文通过对这类噪声的特性分析,根据其具有低频为主、穿透力强、不易衰减等特点,结合工程实例,从提高顶棚、侧墙的隔声量,结构上多采用弹性连接及增加阻尼等角度提出几点治理方法。以隔声、隔振为主,控制这类噪声通过空气传声与固体传声等途径向周围居民区传播。     

基于GIS和分形理论的城市蔓延度研究——以马鞍山市为例

在快速城市化过程中,城市不断扩张而产生的蔓延现象与土地可持续发展紧密相关,合理控制城市蔓延度可以节约资源,促进城市内涵式发展。根据蔓延度内部机理和分形理论构建蔓延测度指标体系,采用GIS方法,通过分维数、空间稳定性等指数,以马鞍山市为例分析研究区城市蔓延度特征和时空差异。研究表明:(1)分形理论适用于城市蔓延度的定量研究;(2)从时间维度看,研究区内部不同区域间的蔓延趋势总体相似,但蔓延程度有所差异;(3)从空间维度看,蔓延度与分维数、建设用地破碎度呈正相关,与空间稳定性指数呈负相关。马鞍山市城市蔓延的机制是土地导向,经济发展是抑制过度蔓延的动力。     

A minimum data set of water quality parameters to assess and compare treatment efficiency of stormwater facilities

Urban stormwater runoff is often of poor quality, impacting aquatic ecosystems and limiting the use of stormwater runoff for recreational purposes. Several stormwater treatment facilities (STFs) are in operation or at the pilot testing stage, but their efficiencies are neither well documented nor easily compared due to the complex contaminant profile of stormwater and the highly variable runoff hydrograph. On the basis of a review of available data sets on urban stormwater quality and environmental contaminant behavior, we suggest a few carefully selected contaminant parameters (the minimum data set) to be obligatory when assessing and comparing the efficiency of STFs. Consistent use of the minimum data set in all future monitoring schemes for STFs will ensure broad-spectrum testing at low costs and strengthen comparability among facilities. The proposed minimum data set includes: (i) fine fraction of suspended solids (<63 μm), (ii) total concentrations of zinc and copper, (iii) total concentrations of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(b,k)fluoranthene, and (iv) total concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen. Indicator pathogens and other specific contaminants (i.e., chromium, pesticides, phenols) may be added if recreational or certain catchment-scale objectives are to be met. Issues that need further investigation have been identified during the iterative process of developing the minimum data set.     

碳纳米管在环境样品前处理中的研究现状及应用进展

纳米碳管是一种新型的纳米材料,其独特的分子结构和性能引起了人们的广泛关注。本文重点评述了纳米碳管在环境样品前处理特别是在固相萃取和固相微萃取方面的研究现状与应用进展,并对纳米碳管的应用前景进行了展望。     

四川省农村环境空气污染源分布及其对自动监测点位设置影响的研究

将四川省农村地区分成平原和浅丘区、小起伏山地和高丘区、高山峡谷区三种类型区域。利用GIS软件,将四川省划分网格,分别统计每个网格中的工业废气污染点源数量和主要交通线路长度,得出四川省工业废气污染点源密度分级图和四川省主要公路密度分布图,以及结合农村污染面源的情况分析,总结出农村区域的主要污染密度分布类型。结果表明,在一定区域范围内,农村平原和浅丘区的工业源、交通源、农村面源分布均匀;高丘区、小起伏山区、高山峡谷区的污染源分布均具有明显的地理分布特性,山间平地和山谷台地的污染源分布密度高;根据四川省污染源分布规律给农村空气自动监测布点提供了指导。     

"双高"产品名录的制定与农药行业环境保护

论述了<"高污染、高环境风险"产品名录>(以下简称"双高"产品名录)制定的背景、依据与原则,以及演化过程,重点介绍了农药行业"双高"产品名录制定的意义、进展,以及对农药行业发展的影响等.     

Monitoring perchlorate exposure and thyroid hormone status among raccoons inhabiting a perchlorate-contaminated site

Perchlorate is a water soluble anion that is readily accumulated in vegetation. It inhibits uptake of iodide into thyroid gland tissue, thereby reducing production of thyroid hormones. Potential raccoon food items including berries, fish, and vegetation collected at a contaminated site contained quantifiable concentrations of perchlorate as determined by ion chromatography. Therefore, we monitored resident raccoons for exposure to perchlorate by examining plasma perchlorate and thyroid hormone concentrations. Resulting analytical data failed to demonstrate perchlorate exposure among raccoons that likely consumed food items collected along perchlorate-contaminated water bodies. There were no correlations between triiodothyronine or thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, but triiodothyronine concentrations in raccoon plasma were significantly higher in 2000 than in 2001 (p = 0.0081). These data suggest that natural attenuation and remedial efforts initiated in January of 2001 may have reduced perchlorate exposure among raccoons inhabiting this site from 2000 to 2001. Temporal, spatial, and analytical factors limited our ability to quantify exposure among raccoons, however, our data do not indicate that raccoons currently inhabiting this site are at risk for significant exposure to perchlorate and subsequent effects.     

Seasonal variation of microbial populations and biomass in Tatachia grassland soils of Taiwan

To investigate the seasonal variations of microbial ecology in grassland of Tatachia forest, soil properties, microbial populations, microbial biomass, and 16S rDNA clone library analysis were determined. The soil had temperatures 6.6–18.4°C, pH 3.6–5.1, total organic carbon 1.11–10.68%, total nitrogen 0.18–0.78%, and C/N ratios 3.46–20.55. Each gram of dry soil contained bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, cellulolytic, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and nitrogen-fixing microbes 4.54 × 10⁴ to 3.79 × 10⁷, 3.43 × 10² to 2.17 × 10⁵, 5.74 × 10³ to 3.76 × 10⁶, 1.97 × 10³ to 1.34 × 10⁶, 8.49 × 10² to 5.59 × 10⁵, and 3.86 × 10² to 3.75 × 10⁵ CFU, respectively. Each gram of soil contained 117–2,482 μg of microbial biomass carbon, 23–216 μg of microbial biomass nitrogen and 9–29 μg of DNA. The microbial populations, microbial biomass, and DNA decreased stepwise with the depth of soil, and they had low values in winter seasons. The microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and DNA at the BW2 horizon were 8.42–17.84, 19.26–64.40, 16.84–61.11, and 31.03–46.26% of those at the O horizon, respectively. When analyzing 16S rDNA library, members of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, candidate division TM1, candidate division TM7, Gammatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia were identified. Members of Proteobacteria (44.4%) and Acidobacteria (33.3%) dominated the clone libraries. Within the phylum Proteobacteria, α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria were most numerous, followed by δ-Proteobacteria.