生态脆弱区乡村旅游开发模式研究——以沂蒙山区为例

乡村旅游在实践中正从边缘化向系列化发展。沂蒙山区是全国水土流失重点治理区,针对沂蒙山区乡村旅游资源状况,分析了沂蒙山区发展乡村旅游的市场条件,认为生态脆弱区发展乡村旅游应遵循经济多元复合化发展与内源发展的原则,建构纵向深化与横向附加开发模式,具体提出乡村旅游开发途径,即旅游内容特色化、耦合化,旅游服务网络化、规范化的深化途径与附加旅游教育和旅游养生内容等途径。     

滇中城市经济圈资源环境支撑能力综合评价

滇中城市经济圈作为云南省优先开发区,其社会经济发展与资源环境保障之间的矛盾日益突出。科学评价滇中城市经济圈的资源环境基础,是制定滇中城市经济圈发展战略的客观依据。为了克服传统资源环境单要素评价方法的不足,从资源环境多要素视角出发对滇中城市经济圈的资源环境支撑能力进行了综合评价,明确资源环境系统的优劣势,从而为滇中城市经济圈的可持续发展提供资源环境保障。     

Immobilization of non-point phosphorus using stabilized magnetite nanoparticles with enhanced transportability and reactivity in soils

Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the immobilization of phosphorus (P) in soils using synthetic magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NP). Although CMC-stabilized magnetite particles were at the nanoscale, phosphorus removal by the nanoparticles was less than that of microparticles (MP) without the stabilizer due to the reduced P reactivity caused by the coating. The P reactivity of CMC-NP was effectively recovered when cellulase was added to degrade the coating. For subsurface non-point P pollution control for a water pond, it is possible to inject CMC-NP to form an enclosed protection wall in the surrounding soils. Non-stabilized “nanomagnetite” could not pass through the soil column under gravity because it quickly agglomerated into microparticles. The immobilized P was 30% in the control soil column, 33% when treated by non-stabilized MP, 45% when treated by CMC-NP, and 73% when treated by both CMC-NP and cellulase.     

微波协同活性炭处理偶氮染料废水的研究

以粉末活性炭为催化剂,采用微波协同活性炭工艺,对偶氮染料(酸性芷青GGR和酸性嫩黄G)废水进行处理。考察了活性炭用量、微波功率、辐射时间、偶氮染料初始浓度对2种偶氮染料去除率的影响。实验结果表明,酸性芷青GGR初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为12.5g/L、微波辐射时间为10min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性芷青GGR的去除率可达90.28%;酸性嫩黄G初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为10.0g/L、微波辐射时间为8min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性嫩黄G的去除率可达95.87%;微波协同活性炭处理2种偶氮染料的反应均呈现一级反应动力学特征。     

常规运行模式下循环式活性污泥工艺除磷性能的研究

研究了常规运行模式下循环式活性污泥(CAST)工艺对磷酸盐的去除,考察了运行周期内反应器选择区和主反应区中磷酸盐、硝酸盐的浓度变化,并分析了CAST反应器的除磷途径和限制性因素,在此基础上测定了系统内反硝化聚磷菌所占的比例。研究表明,系统运行稳定后,出水磷酸盐的平均值为1.9mg/L,平均去除率约为62%;系统除磷是在聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌的共同作用下完成的,其中反硝化聚磷菌所占比例为81.1%。     

Simulating the fine and coarse inorganic particulate matter concentrations in a polluted megacity

A three dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) is applied to the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) in order to simulate the chemical composition and mass of the major PM₁ (fine) and PM_1–10 (coarse) inorganic components and determine the effect of mineral dust on their formation. The aerosol thermodynamic model ISORROPIA-II is used to explicitly simulate the effect of Ca, Mg, and K from dust on semi-volatile partitioning and water uptake. The hybrid approach is applied to simulate the inorganic components, assuming that the smallest particles are in thermodynamic equilibrium, while describing the mass transfer to and from the larger ones. The official MCMA 2004 emissions inventory with improved dust and NaCl emissions is used. The comparison between the model predictions and measurements during a week of April of 2003 at Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Capacitacion Ambiental (CENICA) “Supersite” shows that the model reproduces reasonably well the fine mode composition and its diurnal variation. Sulfate predicted levels are relatively uniform in the area (approximately 3 μg m^?3), while ammonium nitrate peaks in Mexico City (approximately 7 μg m^?3) and its concentration rapidly decreases due to dilution and evaporation away from the urban area. In areas of high dust concentrations, the associated alkalinity is predicted to increase the concentration of nitrate, chloride and ammonium in the coarse mode by up to 2 μg m^?3 (a factor of 10), 0.4 μg m^?3, and 0.6 μg m^?3 (75%), respectively. The predicted ammonium nitrate levels inside Mexico City for this period are sensitive to the physical state (solid versus liquid) of the particles during periods with RH less than 50%.     

MBR技术的发展及应用

介绍了目前MBR的主要类型、膜污染情况、膜清洗方式以及MBR在不同领域的应用情况和工程实例,对MBR技术未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区野骆驼的栖息环境及适应特征

野骆驼是世界上骆驼科真驼属唯存的野生种,目前全世界只分布在我国新疆和蒙古国的中蒙边境地区,在世界上仅存730~880头左右,是比大熊猫更为珍稀的野生动物,濒临灭绝。野骆驼的生存环境非常恶劣,气候十分干旱,荒漠化十分严重,蒸发量远远大于降雨量,空气非常干燥,日夜温差极大。分布区的植物也非常稀少,没有淡水,只有零星散布的又苦又咸的盐泉,大部分地区寸草不生,只有在盐泉附近长着稀稀拉拉的盐生草、沙拐枣、骆驼刺等。野骆驼能在严酷的荒漠半荒漠地区生活,对恶劣气候环境有很强的适应性,具有耐饥渴抗风暴等抵抗恶劣环境的能力,是动物界中任何一种动物无可比拟的。     

Prediction of the adsorption capability onto activated carbon of a large data set of chemicals by local lazy regression method

Accurate quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models based on a large data set containing a total of 3483 organic compounds were developed to predict chemicals’ adsorption capability onto activated carbon in gas phrase. Both global multiple linear regression (MLR) method and local lazy regression (LLR) method were used to develop QSPR models. The results proved that LLR has prediction accuracy 10% higher than that of MLR model. By applying LLR method we can predict the test set (787 compounds) with Q²_ext of 0.900 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.129. The accurate model based on this large data set could be useful to predict adsorption property of new compounds since such model covers a highly diverse structural space.     

异波折板水解酸化-A~2O一体化反应器实验研究

设计了异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器,进行生活污水处理的实验研究。10个月的实验结果表明,系统的最佳水力停留时间(HRT)为8 h时,最适COD进水浓度为240~600 mg/L,最佳混合液回流比(r)-污泥回流比(R)为250%~100%。控制反应器于以上运行参数下,25±2℃所对应的COD、TN和TP去除率分别为96.84%、67.55%和81.92%。当温度降至7℃时,其COD、TP和TN分别降至86.35%、50.25%和65.68%。基于实验分析结果,阐明了一体化反应器高效性的机理在于异波折板水解酸化段具有高效传质特性和A2O段具有复合式活性污泥-接触氧化好氧池的特点。