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911.
H. C. Wohlers M. Feldstein 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):226-229
The problem of an investigation of the need for a regulation on organic compound emissions in the San Francisco Bay Area can be divided into two major areas: 1. Is there a need for a regulation on organic compound emissions? What is the extent of photochemical smog effects? How much control is necessary to achieve the desired effects? 2. (2) If the need exists for an organic compound regulation, can a performance type regulation be written for all types of organic compound emissions? Must the regulation be directed toward specific industries or types of emissions? Can the regulation be adequately enforced—both practically and legally? This paper will describe the studies undertaken by the District Staff to answer the first set of questions. Work covering the second group of questions is now under investigation. 相似文献
912.
H. A Belyea W. J Holland 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):320-323
Field tests were conducted on 82 fuel-burning installations ranging from 50 to 500 hp, fired with residual fuel oils. A flame pyrometer was used to measure peak flame temperatures. Coarse particulates were measured by impingement on adhesive paper strips inserted at right angles to the gas flow and fine particulates by filtration of the gas sample through filter paper. Both were evaluated using a standard Bacharach Scale. The tests clearly established that both coarse and fine particulate matter invariably occurred with low flame temperatures but decreased appreciably when peak flame temperatures reached approximately 2650°F; Minimum values were observed at temperatures somewhere between 2750 and 2850°F. This research was conducted as a result of the problem of acid smut and carbonaceous (ceno-sphere) fallout which appears to have increased with the advent of modern high-efficiency low-temperature heating installations and taller, cooler operating chimneys; sudden deluges of particles from the chimney serving large oil-burning plants soil clothing, pit car finishes, and damage nylon stockings and other materials. 相似文献
913.
A. H. Phelps Jr. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):505-507
Informative Report No. 8 on soap and detergent manufacture is one of a series of survey reports prepared by APCA’s Tl-2 Committee on air pollution problems and control methods encountered in the chemical industry today. 相似文献
914.
H. P. Sanderson R. Thomas Morris Katz 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):328-330
Field experience with the lead acetate impregnated paper tape sampler has indicated that large errors may arise in this method due to fading of the color of the precipitated lead sulfide spots. This fading is due to the action of light, sulfur dioxide, ozone, on other substances capable of oxidizing lead sulfide. The moisture content or relative humidity of the air sample must be maintained at an appropriate level to ensure reaction with the impregnated paper tape. The effects of the factors have been investigated in laboratory experiments with known concentrations of H2S. A number of antioxidants were studied in relation to the stability of the resultant spots to light and oxidation Orthophenyl phenol was found to be the most effective antioxidant for this purpose. A number of necessary precautions to be employed in the use of the lead acetate method are recommended and the limitations are discussed. 相似文献
915.
H. H. Meredith Jr. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):547-549
Industry, government, and the public have come a long way in establishing the dialogue that is necessary if the reservations each has had of the others’ motives are to be dispelled. However, each tends to fall into a routine of accusations, charges, counter charges, and rebuttals. This paper deals with the action which must be forthcoming from industry if good community relations are to be maintained and the public interest is to be served. 相似文献
916.
917.
P. R. Miller J. R. Parmeter Jr. Brigitta H. Flick C. W. Martinez 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):435-438
Photochemical oxidant injury to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) is a severe problem in the southern California mountains. Three-year-old ponderosa pines fumigated in controlled environment chambers with ozone at 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 ppm had apparent photosynthesis rates reduced by 10, 70, and 85%, respectively, after 30 days exposure. A fumigation with 0.30 ppm ozone for 33 days depressed the cold perchloric acid extracted polysaccharides of both current and one-year-old needles by 40%. The 80% ethanol soluble sugar concentration of current year, ozone-injured needles increased 16% and that of the one-year-old needles decreased slightly. Both carbohydrate fractions of control trees in carbon-filtered air increased moderately. Higher, endogenous concentrations of ascorbic acid in needles did not protect the tissue from ozone injury. Apparent photosynthesis rate was a sensitive index for ozone dosage response. Needle carbohydrate depletion probably induces premature abscission. 相似文献
918.
B. A. Brodovicz Jr. V. H. Sussman G. B. Murdock 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):484-489
The Pennsylvania Air Pollution Commission has developed a regulatory program based upon the control of local air pollution problems and reduction of pollutant levels in air basins. The geographical boundaries of 10 air basins have been established. The Commission’s air basin regulations will provide for the reduction of over-all pollutant levels and for emergency procedures in the event of adverse meteorological conditions. The paper discusses the format and objectives of the program. In order to effectively enforce the air basin regulations and maintain the necessary surveillance of the state’s air quality, a "computerized real time on-line integrated air monitoring-data handling system" has been designed. The system will incorporate a network to constantly monitor the air in each air basin.The primary objectives of the system are: 1. Constant surveillance of air pollution in the air basins. 2. Provide information on air pollution potential alerts. 3. Aid in further development of air quality criteria and regulations. The air monitoring network is estimated to include approximately 25 remote stations. Each remote will contain air pollution and meteorological sampling equipment and hardware to telemeter to a central station. The data will be transmitted over leased telephone lines. The central station in Harrisburg will contain the necessary hardware to receive and process data, calculate and display results and permit supervisory control of the network. Output options will include immediate display of edited data, command and alarm information, and presentation of statistical results. Although the air monitoring system is one of the principle ingredients of the program, the air basin concept encompasses other component systems designed to knit together the entire air pollution control program in Pennsylvania. 相似文献
919.
C. M. Peterson H. J. Paulus G. H. Foley 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):795-801
Instruments capable of measuring in situ numbers of particles within specific size ranges covering a particle-diameter spectrum of approximately 0.001 – 10 microns have been employed to continuously monitor the concentration and size-distribution of atmospheric aerosols. The monitoring site was a television tower located on the boundary between Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Air samples were drawn from 70, 170, and 500 feet above ground level and analyzed with optical, electrical, and condensation particle counters to obtain a number-size distribution within the 0.001 – 10 micron size range. In addition to the measurement of particle number and size, several micrometeorological parameters were simultaneously monitored. Particle number-size distributions which were measured during periods of temperature inversion are reported 相似文献
920.
Héctor G. Riveros Javier Tejeda Luis Ortiz Adriana Julián-Sánchez Héctor Riveros-Rosas 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):973-984
Abstract In Mexico City, the use and composition of fuels determine that carbon monoxide (CO) comes mostly from mobile sources, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from fixed and mobile sources. By simultaneously measuring hydrocarbons (HC), CO, and SO2 in the atmosphere of Mexico City, the relative amounts coming from different sources can be estimated. Assuming that some HC are emitted proportionally to CO emissions, we can establish that [HC]1= m1? [CO], where the proportionality constant ml corresponds to the ratio of emissions factor for HC and CO in mobile sources. Similarly for fuels containing sulfur, it can be assumed that [HC]2 = m2 ? [SO2]. In this way, the total HC are [HC]total=[HC]0+ ml ? [CO]+ m2 ? [SO2], where [HC]0 corresponds mainly to other sources like solvent evaporation, gas consumption, and natural emissions. In this way, it can be estimated that in Mexico City 75% of average HC comes from mobile sources, 5% from sulfur-related sources, and 19% from natural sources and solvent evaporation. Compared with the HC/CO ratio measured in the exhaust pipe of vehicles, we estimated that 70% of HC emitted from mobile sources are evaporative losses, and only 30% come through the exhaust system. 相似文献