ZR-BV单芯铜线过电流故障电弧熔痕特征研究

为准确认定电气火灾事故中的过电流故障,模拟在不同电流条件下ZR-BV单芯铜线的过电流故障,通过逐帧分析高速影像研究导线发生过电流故障时的变化过程,使用金相分析技术分类研究过电流导线电弧熔化痕迹的组织特征。结果表明:当I≥4Ie时,导线发生熔断,断路电弧将引燃热分解后的绝缘热解气体,造成火灾的蔓延扩大;过电流导线电弧熔断痕与火烧熔痕的宏观特征较为相似,但喷溅熔痕和发散状熔痕是过电流导线所特有的;枝晶偏析组织是过电流电弧熔断痕的典型组织,且随着电流值的升高,枝晶偏析组织分布范围明显扩大,几乎不再出现等轴状组织。     

Carbon and nutrient removal from on-site wastewater using extended-aeration activated sludge and ion exchange.

The need to improve on-site wastewater treatment processes is being realized as populations move into more environmentally sensitive regions and regulators adopt the total maximum daily load approach to watershed management. Under many conditions, septic systems do not provide adequate treatment; therefore, advanced systems are required. These systems must remove significant amounts of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids, and substantially nitrify, denitrify, and remove phosphorus. Many existing advanced on-site wastewater systems effectively remove BOD, suspended solids, and ammonia, but few substantially denitrify and uptake phosphorus. The purpose of this research was to design and test modifications to an existing on-site wastewater treatment system to improve denitrification and phosphorus removal. The Nayadic (Consolidated Treatment Systems, Inc., Franklin, Ohio), an established, commercially available, extended-aeration, activated sludge process, was used to represent a typical existing system. Several modifications were considered based on a literature review, and the option with the best potential was tested. To improve denitrification, a supplemental treatment tank was installed before the Nayadic and a combination flow splitter, sump, and pump box with a recirculation system was installed after it. A recirculation pump returned a high proportion of the system effluent back to the supplemental treatment tank. Two supplemental treatment tank sizes, three flowrates, and three recirculation rates were tested. Actual wastewater was dosed as brief slugs to the system in accordance with a set schedule. Several ion-exchange resins housed in a contact column were tested on the effluent for their potential to remove phosphorus. Low effluent levels of five-day biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and total nitrogen were achieved and substantial phosphorous removal was also achieved using a 3780-L supplemental treatment tank, a recirculation ratio of 5:1, and a fine-grain activated aluminum-oxide-exchange media. Good results were also obtained with an 1890-L supplemental treatment tank and a recirculation ratio of 3:1. The most significant benefit of the supplemental treatment tank, in combination with the recirculation system, appears to be the low nitrogen concentration dosed to the Nayadic. By reducing the nitrogen concentration and spreading out its mass over time during no-flow periods, the Nayadic's inherent low-level denitrifying capacity was more closely matched and effective treatment was achieved.     

隐爆角砾岩筒型矿床成矿流体演化趋势曲线特征

阐述了隐爆角砾岩筒型矿床及其成矿过程中的隐爆流体演化趋势曲线的一般特征,在此基础上,讨论了凹山铁矿床、祁雨沟金矿床、七宝山铜金矿床等典型矿床的矿体产出特征与隐爆流体演化趋势曲线之间存在的耦合关系,结合隐爆角砾岩筒型矿床成矿流体演化的一般特征和特殊情况,对轻微剥蚀岩筒、中等剥蚀岩筒和深度剥蚀岩筒的成矿性进行了分析。     

基于集总参数模型的室内PM2.5浓度预测

基于颗粒物浓度集总参数模型建立室内PM_2.5预测模型,同时对模型中的关键参数穿透率、沉降率理论模型进行理论计算.以常州市某住宅建筑为例,通过动态模型对穿透率和沉降率模型进行实验验证,实验采样时间为2017年3月~2018年1月.根据实验数据计算换气次数在0.31~0.89h^-1范围内PM_2.5通过维护结构的穿透率为0.78~0.97,室内PM_2.5沉降率为0.3~0.69h^-1.本模型能较好地适用于自然通风、机械通风等不同通风工况室内颗粒物浓度预测.当室外PM_2.5浓度在135~150μg/m³变化时,使用过滤效率为82%的新风系统可维持室内PM_2.5浓度值在40~46μg/m³.     

战斗机座舱内气动噪声分析

目的降低座舱气动噪声提供分析方法及数据。方法以某型机的座舱为研究对象,利用CFD流场分析方法对某型机的座舱外表面瞬态压力场进行分析和提取,作为舱内声场分析的外部激励,利用声学边界元方法计算得到座舱内部声场分布和声压大小,以及结构参数与舱内噪声的关系。结果某型机舱内声场的声压在500 Hz以下的低频段最大,且声压随频率的增加而降低,在2500 Hz以后趋于平缓,座舱内飞行员头部位置最大声压112 d B。后舱飞行员右耳位置声压,多数情况下大于前舱飞行员头部声压。结论分析结果表明,某型机后舱透明件的外表面受固定的空中受油管导致的湍流和进气道内的脉动压力,是座舱内噪声的主要来源。要降低舱内噪声,除了优化外形设计外,通过声传递向量分析,有目的地对结构参数进行调整,是一个较好的解决方案。     

纳米四氧化三铁对2,4-D的脱氯降解

采用纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)降解水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D),考察了2,4-D初始浓度、纳米Fe3O4投加量、溶液pH和温度等因素对2,4-D降解率的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe3O4对2,4-D有显著的降解效果,初始浓度为10 mg/L的2,4-D, 48 h内降解率可达48%.纳米Fe3O4对2,4-D的降解是一个还原脱氯过程,反应体系中氯离子浓度随2,4-D浓度降低而升高.LC/MS分析表明,2,4-D降解的主要产物是苯酚,其他中间产物是2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)、4-氯苯酚(4-CP)和2-氯苯酚(2-CP).溶液中2,4-D的降解符合准一级反应动力学,产物4-CP、2,4-DCP和苯酚的反应速率常数K分别为0.0043、0.0026和0.0032 h -1.环境条件对降解效率有显著影响,2,4-D初始浓度在0～10 mg/L、纳米Fe3O4投加量0～300 mg/L的范围内,2,4-D降解率随初始浓度和纳米Fe3O4投加量的增加而增大;pH对2,4-D的脱氯降解有显著影响,在pH为3.0时,纳米Fe3O4对2,4-D的还原脱氯效果最好;温度升高,可以提高脱氯反应速率.     

纳米Fe、Si体系对3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯的脱氯降解

研究了纳米Fe、Si体系降解3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯(PCB77)的动力学差异.结果表明,纳米Fe0、纳米Fe3O4和纳米Si0对PCB77均有降解作用,该降解为还原脱氯反应.降解过程符合准一级反应动力学,反应速率常数Kobs分别为0.0177,0.0038,0.0045h-1.PCB77初始浓度为5mg/L,纳米材料投加量为5g/L,溶液pH4.5条件下,纳米Fe0体系对PCB77降解效果最为显著,64h时PCB77残留率仅为19.83%,氯离子浓度为50.3μmol/L,反应体系pH值从4.5升至5.26.纳米双元体系Fe0和Si0、Fe3O4和Si0对PCB77降解过程也符合准一级反应动力学,反应速率常数Kobs分别为0.0114,0.004h-1,其中纳米Fe0和Si0体系降解效果优于纳米Fe3O4和Si0体系.PCB77残留率分别为34.91%和66.62%,氯离子浓度分别为40.07,20.47μmol/L,反应体系pH值变化不明显.随着溶液初始pH值增加,纳米Fe0、纳米Fe3O4降解PCB77效果明显降低,但溶液pH值升高有利于纳米Si0对PCB77的降解.两组纳米双元体系对PCB77的降解效果受pH值影响小.     

耐受高浓度氨氮异养硝化菌的筛选及其脱氮条件优化

研究了异养硝化菌对高浓度氨氮的耐受能力和去除能力.采用多点取样、高浓度氨氮废水强行驯化、驯化液连续梯度稀释、颜色指示剂快速硝化效果检测、平板划线分离等步骤,筛选能耐受高浓度氨氮废水的异养硝化菌株,以各菌株16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析来鉴定其种属,考察了菌株的脱氮特性,并通过提高C/N比和优化菌株配伍的方式对其脱氮能力进行了优化.结果共筛出8株高效的异养硝化菌株,并将其命名为N1～N8.系统发育分析表明8株菌分属丛毛单胞菌属（Comamonassp.）、红球菌属（Rhodococcus sp.）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter sp.）、副球菌属（Paracoccus sp.）,其对起始氨氮浓度为256.9 mg.L-1、C/N=5.5的人工废水,72 h后氨氮去除率约在65%～80%之间,其中最高为N4的80.2%.若将上述废水的C/N比提高至8.0,则各菌株的氨氮去除率相应提高至约80%～90%.部分菌株配伍后脱氨氮效果优于任一单菌株,其中N4＋N5＋N6对起始浓度为261.1 mg.L-1的氨氮、在C/N=5.5的条件下,48 h去除率为88.2%.将N4＋N5＋N6组合驯化菌液,则能将该氨氮去除率提高至99.8%;在将起始氨氮浓度提高至446.9 mg.L-1、C/N比降为3.2后,52h后氨氮去除率亦可达99.9%,且最终几乎无亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的积累,总氮去除率为66.5%,菌株同化的氮仅占损失氨氮的33%.可见驯化菌液中一些未能分离的菌株对分离出的菌株的脱氨氮效果有显著的协同作用.     

循环半干法烟气脱硫对循环灰堵塞的分析及对策

以某130 t/h机组循环半干法烟气脱硫典型工程为例,通过调试运行,分析循环灰的堵塞问题,并提出几种对应措施。对新、老机组项目的运行、维护都非常经济、实用。