毛乌素沙漠东南缘DGS1层段CaCO_3记录的全新世气候变化

毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面DGS1层段主要由沙丘砂、湖沼相和次生黄土组成。根据测年结果,该层段为全新世风沙沉积序列。通过对该层段CaCO_3的分析,发现CaCO_3含量在沙丘砂、湖沼相和次生黄土依次变化于0,35%~2.74%(平均值1.03%)、0.13%~60.31%(平均值22.16%)和8.64%~12.83%(平均值9.21%),并与DGS1层段粒度Mz(平均粒径)呈显著相关(相关系数0.68)。研究表明,毛乌素沙漠冬季风盛行时期沙丘砂堆积,CaCO_3发生迁移;夏季风盛行时期湖沼相发育,CaCO_3相对聚集。据此,我们认为CaCO_3含量变化揭示了毛乌素沙漠在全新世以来经历了多次冬夏季风交互演替的气候变化过程,全新世气候波动主要可分为4个阶段:全新世早期回暖期、全新世鼎盛期、暖冷过渡期和冷干气候不稳定期。     

旅游景区类徽标设计原则探究

旅游景区类徽标是图形标志里一种相对独立的标志类别,是伴随着旅游景区的建设与发展诞生的.它在旅游对外宣传中扮演着重要的角色,实业界也越来越重视旅游景区徽标的设计.目前大大小小、成千上万个景区景点都不具备完善的景区徽标等VI系统,笔者从其设计原则方面,通过整理分析目前所有中文类旅游徽标设计原则文献,提出了自己的观点,对旅游景区类徽标设计原则进行了探究,以期对我国旅游景区类徽标设计和旅游业的发展有所帮助.     

生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的竣工环保验收

根据生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的特点,归纳了此类项目环境保护验收工作的法规依据、验收程序和重点内容,并提出了相应的污染防治措施。     

UV-B辐射影响大豆幼苗水分代谢的机理

为探索UV-B辐射胁迫对大豆幼苗的伤害机制,采用水培法研究紫外辐射(UV-B,280～320 nm)胁迫作用对大豆(Glycine max)幼苗叶片气孔密度、气孔导度(GS)、脱落酸(ABA)含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响.静态实验结果表明,UV-B辐射处理降低了大豆幼苗气孔密度,UV-B处理组气孔密度低于对照CK(喷水)组.动态曲线显示,较之CK(喷水),UV-B辐射使大豆幼苗GS下降,且最终达到较好的恢复效果;ABA和H2O2含量、CAT活性的变化趋势与GS的变化趋势不同,与CK(喷水)相比,UV-B辐射导致ABA和H2O2积累,CAT活性提高.研究表明,UV-B辐射抑制大豆幼苗水分代谢.     

国家硫酸工业污染物排放标准制定中的思考

硫酸工业污染物排放标准预计将于2010年内发布实施。在对有关法律法规、规范性文件等进行研究,对我国硫酸工业现状和国外相关排放标准进行分析的基础上,对硫酸工业污染物排放标准制定中有关适用范围、时段划分、污染物控制等内容进行了思考。     

江苏省环境监测站标准化建设成效评价

江苏省在2013年底通过了国家环境监测站标准化建设整体验收,成为全国第一个整体达到国家建设标准的省份。在总结江苏省主要建设经验的基础上,为定量评估江苏省各级环境监测站标准化建设成效水平,以《国家环境监测站标准化验收评分办法》评价指标为基础,尝试构建环境监测站建设成效评价指标体系,并应用层次分析法确定指标及其权重,共设1项一级指标、5项二级指标和12项三级指标。通过专家综合决策打分,确定各项评价指标的权重值,赋值计算综合成效评价指数。结果表明,全省实验室条件、仪器设备、监测数据、论文发表、能力认证等方面发展迅速,但人员扩编有待进一步加强。该方法为政府部门考核财政资金投入绩效、优化管理决策提供了定量评价参考。     

高压离线侧喷脉冲袋式除尘技术在水泥磨上的应用

以新疆天山水泥股份有限公司一分厂1水泥磨除尘系统技术改造为实例,阐述了获1993年国家环保最佳实用技术推广的LCPM型高压离线侧喷脉冲袋除尘器在水泥磨系统的应用及产生的效果。     

发光细菌法在环境监测中的应用

阐述了发光细菌的生理特性及其应用原理,重点评述了发光细菌法在工业废水、水域水质毒性及其他相关领域监测中的应用。与其他生物监测方法相比,具有快速、简便、灵敏等特点,测试结果与传统的鱼类毒性试验具有良好的相关性,实际应用方便可行。同时,结合现代电子技术和化学分析技术,对发光细菌法的发展进行了展望。     

Field application of farmstead runoff to vegetated filter strips: surface and subsurface water quality assessment

Farmstead runoff poses significant environmental impacts to ground and surface waters. Three vegetated filter strips were assessed for the treatment of dairy farmstead runoff at the soil surface and subsurface at 0.3- or 0. 46-m and 0. 76-m depths for numerous storm events. A medium-sized Michigan dairy was retrofitted with two filter strips on sandy loam soil and a third filter strip was implemented on a small Michigan dairy with sandy soil to collect and treat runoff from feed storage, manure storage, and other impervious farmstead areas. All filter strips were able to eliminate surface runoff via infiltration for all storm events over the duration of the study, eliminating pollutant contributions to surface water. Subsurface effluent was monitored to determine the contributing groundwater concentrations of numerous pollutants including chemical oxygen demand (COD), metals, and nitrates. Subsurface samples have an average reduction of COD concentrations of 20, 11, and 85% for the medium dairy Filter Strip 1 (FS1), medium dairy Filter Strip 2 (FS2), and the small Michigan dairy respectively, resulting in average subsurface concentrations of 355, 3960, and 718 mg L COD. Similar reductions were noted for ammonia and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in the subsurface effluent. The small Michigan dairy was able to reduce the pollutant leachate concentrations of COD, TKN, and ammonia over a range of influent concentrations. Increased influent concentrations in the medium Michigan dairy filter strips resulted in an increase in COD, TKN, and ammonia concentrations in the leachate. Manganese was leached from the native soils at all filter strips as evidenced by the increase in manganese concentrations in the leachate. Nitrate concentrations were above standard drinking water limits (10 mg L), averaging subsurface concentrations of 11, 45, and 25 mg L NO-N for FS1, FS2, and the small Michigan dairy, respectively.     

Effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil

The effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn was studied. Three soils with pH ranging from 3.8 to 7.3, organic carbon （OC） from 0.7% to 2.4%, and clay from 12.3% to 35.6% were selected. Soils were spiked with reagent grade Cd（NO3）2, Pb（NO3）2, and Zn（NO3）2 at concentrations of 30 mg Cd/kg soil, 300 mg Zn/kg soil and 2000 mg Pb/kg soil. The soils were incubated at 35, 60, 105℃, respectively and went through four wet-dry cycles. Metal availability in soils was estimated by soil extraction with 0.1 mol/L Ca（NO3）2. According to this study, the effect of the spiking temperature on the metal availabilities was different among the metals, soils and wet-dry cycles. Mostly, 35 ~C was the first recommended spiking temperature for Cd and Pb while no spiking temperature was obviously better than others for Zn. Three wet-dry cycles was recommended regardless of the type of metals and incubation temperature.