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11.
Michael J. Miller Sam Wouthuyzen Gen Minagawa Jun Aoyama Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Marine Biology》2006,148(5):1101-1111
A survey for leptocephali around Sulawesi Island in the central Indonesian Seas during May 2001 found that the leptocephali
of the congrid eel, Ariosoma scheelei, were present in all seven areas that were sampled. A total of 551 leptocephali (22–166 mm TL) were collected, and A. scheelei was by far the most abundant species of leptocephali collected during the survey. The wide range of sizes in most areas indicated
that spawning had occurred during a period of several months in many different areas, although the exact spawning locations
were not determined. The larger size classes were more abundant in all areas except in Tomini Bay on the northeast side of
Sulawesi Island. The highest catch rates were observed at the eastern edge of the Java Sea and to the north in the Celebes
Sea near Makassar Strait. Premetamorphic leptocephali were also collected in surface samples at 11 stations (N=62), but metamorphosing leptocephali (N=86) were only caught in IKMT tows that fished from the surface to about 200 m. Metamorphosing leptocephali were collected
primarily at two stations in the Java Sea and Makassar Strait where a surface layer of lower-salinity water was detected.
Their total lengths (105.3–153.3 mm) and the largest premetamorphic individuals suggested that this species can reach maximum
sizes of about 165 mm before beginning to metamorphose. It is hypothesized that this species may be abundant in the Indonesian
Seas region and that it has ecological traits such as large size at recruitment and a small size at reproduction that have
made it successful in many regions of the Indo-Pacific. 相似文献
12.
Grant R. Sutherland Elizabeth Baker Stuart Purvis-Smith Athel Hockey Ed Krumins Sam Z. Eichenbaum 《黑龙江环境通报》1987,7(3):197-202
Eleven pregnancies in ten patients at risk for the fragile X were monitored by amniocentesis or chorion villus biopsy and induction of the fragile site using thymidine, methotrexate and FUdR. Three female fetuses and one male fetus were found to have the fragile X. The results obtained using thymidine induction were superior to those using methotrexate induction and probably better than those obtained using FUdR induction. 相似文献
13.
Obiri S Dodoo DK Okai-Sam F Essumang DK Adjorlolo-Gasokpoh A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):37-49
Food crops such as cassava, cocoyam and other tuber crops grown in mining communities uptake toxic or hazardous chemicals
such as arsenic, and cadmium, from the soil. Cassava is a stable food for Ghanaians. This study evaluated human health risk
from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in Ghana such as Bogoso, Prestea, Tarkwa and Tamso, which are important
mining towns in the Western Region of Ghana. The study evaluated cancer and non-cancer health effects from eating cassava
grown in the study areas in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Assessment guidelines. The results of
the study revealed the following: cancer health risk for Tamso, 0.098 (RME – Reasonable Maximum Exposure) and 0.082 (CTE –
Central Tendency Exposure). This means that approximately 10 and 8 out of 100 resident adults are likely to suffer from cancer
related cases by RME and CTE parameters respectively. For Prestea, we have 0.010 and 0.12, which also means that approximately
1 out of 100 and 10 resident adults out of 100 are also likely to suffer from cancer related diseases by RME and CTE parameters.
The results of the study obtained were found to be above the acceptable cancer risk range of 1× 10−6 to 1× 10−4, i.e., 1 case of cancer out of 1 million or 100,000 people respectively. 相似文献
14.
A water quality assessment was conducted on three Appalachian streams polluted by coal mining at the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Tennessee and Kentucky. Results showed that sulfate was an excellent parameter for detecting the effects of coal mining and that sulfate analyses used in conjunction with conductivity readings provided the best detection index. Acidity and pH readings were relatively insensitive indicators, reflecting the mining pollution only after sulfate concentrations already indicated severe pollution levels.Hydrologist, Big South Fork NRRA, during the study; presently at Cape Lookout National SeashoreHydrologist, NPS, during the study; presently with USDA-Forest Service, Washington, DC. 相似文献
15.
Yin Fun Yik Chye Peng Ong Soo Beng Khoo Hian Kee Lee Sam Fong Yau Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,19(1-3):73-81
The effect of varying SDS concentration in a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic system (MECC) is investigated. In addition, the introduction of -cyclodextrin as modifier to the electrophoretic medium, containing SDS and a phosphate-borate buffer, is shown to give satisfactory separation of the seven selected PAHs. The separation efficiency is increased with the addition of -cyclodextrin. 相似文献
16.
Peng LianXiaodan Gao M. Sam Mannan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(1):103-113
Flammable aerosols have created many fire and explosion hazards in the process industry, but the flammability of aerosols has not been fully understood. The minimum ignition energy has been widely used as an indicator for flammability of combustible mixtures, but the amount of experimental data on the minimum ignition energy of aerosols is very limited. In this work, the minimum ignition energy of tetralin aerosols is predicted using an integrated model. The model applies the flame front propagation theory in aerosol systems to the growth of the flame kernel, which was created during the spark discharge in the ignition process. The aerosol minimum ignition energy was defined as the minimum level of energy in the initial flame kernel to maintain the kernel temperature above the minimum ignition temperature of 1073 K specific for tetralin aerosols during the kernel growth. The minimum ignition energy obtained in the model is influenced by the fuel-air equivalence ratio and the size of the aerosol droplets. For tetralin aerosols of 40 μm diameter, Emin decreases significantly from 0.32 mJ to 4.3 × 10 e−3 mJ when the equivalence ratio rises from 0.57 to 1.0. For tetralin aerosols of 0.57 equivalence ratio, Emin increases from as 0.09 mJ to 0.32 mJ when the droplet diameter rises from 10 μm to 60 μm. The trends are in agreement with previous experimental observations. The method used in current work has the potential to prediction of the minimum ignition energy of aerosol. 相似文献
17.
Theodora Adamopoulou Maria I. Papadaki Manolis Kounalakis Victor Carreto Alba Pineda M. Sam Mannan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(5):803-808
Hydroxylamine, NH2OH, thermal decomposition has been responsible for two serious accidents. However, its reactive behavior and the synergy of factors affecting the rate of its decomposition are not understood. In this work, isoperibolic calorimetric measurements were performed in a metal reactor, in the temperature range 130–150 °C, employing 30–80 ml solutions containing 1.4–20 g of pure hydroxylamine (2.8–40 g of the supplied reagent). The calorimetric measurements were performed in order to assess the effects that NH2OH concentration, temperature and reactor venting has on NH2OH rate of decomposition. The measurements showed that increased concentration or temperature, results in faster reactions and probably higher pressure generation per mass of reactant, with concentration having a more pronounced effect. However, when both factors work synergistically the result is dramatically worse in terms of reaction rate. The pressure generation is also different, thus indicating that different reaction pathways predominate each time. Venting the produced gases in stages resulted in the highest mass loss of the solution. 相似文献
18.
Christian Diaz-Ovalle Richart Vazquez-Roman Raul Lesso-Arroyo M. Sam Mannan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(6):974-981
Curtain mitigation systems are modeled here since they have experimentally shown their efficiency in reducing the concentration of certain toxic gases within dense gas clouds. Air, water and steam are analyzed in a model as the physical barriers to decrease the gas concentration. The model, developed for a steady-state mitigation process, is based on the mass, energy and momentum conservation laws. Concentration estimations during the dispersion before and after the mitigation are performed with a SLAB type model. A sensitivity analysis for each model is given to detect which variables have bigger effects. A release of chlorine is used as an example and the results are calculated in a prototype developed in Visual C++, where the model is solved using the Runge–Kutta 4th order method. The results include the effects of composition, speed, temperature and height of the releasing point as well as a comparison with CFD simulations. The proposed model is simplified and it cannot reproduce eddy effects but it is fast and robust enough. The model provides a set of equations that can be used in numerical problems where explicit derivatives are required, e.g. optimizations procedures. 相似文献
19.
Alba Pineda-Solano Lina Saenz-Noval Subramanya Nayak Simon Waldram Maria Papadaki M. Sam Mannan 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(5):404-410
Alkylpyridine N-oxides are important intermediates in the pharmaceutical and agrochemicals industries. The N-oxides are produced via the homogeneously catalyzed oxidation of the respective alkylpyridines using a 50% excess of hydrogen peroxide. The competitive hydrogen peroxide decomposition produces oxygen in the flammable environment of alkylpyridines and thus forms a key hazard for this reaction. In this work, the N-oxidation was performed under pressure in the temperature range of 110–125 °C with different catalyst concentrations. It was shown that temperature had an undisputable positive effect on the N-oxidation efficiency. The accurate measurement of the pressure rise due to decomposition was difficult. However, only 5% of the added H2O2 decomposed when stoichiometric quantities were employed, even in the temperature of 110 °C. The N-oxidation was very efficient, even when the lowest concentration of catalyst employed in this study was used. 相似文献
20.