A predictive study of emotional labor and turnover

The current study examined how the emotional labor strategies of deep acting and surface acting directly influence emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions, and indirectly impact actual turnover among a sample of bank tellers. Turnover data were collected from organizational records 6 months after participants responded to a survey that measured emotional labor strategies, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Results showed that turnover intentions mediated the relationship between deep acting and actual turnover. Additionally, surface acting had indirect effects on turnover through emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changes in physicochemical forms of lead and cadmium added to freshwater

Transformation of physicochemical forms of cadmium and lead added at 1 μ/L to Lake Michigan water have been studied by anodic stripping voltammetry. Unfiltered, 0.45 μ membrane filtered, ultrafiltered, and UV irradiated ultrafiltered samples were used to differentiate metal binding by particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic matter. The reaction of added metal with colloids and particles is rapid. Their reaction with soluble organic matter is slow, requiring 1 to 2 days for complexation of one-half the added metal.     

Implications of sea level rise for coastal dune habitat conservation in Wales,UK

The potential impact of future sea level rise and climate change on 15 Welsh coastal dune systems has been investigated. Historical Trend Analysis was undertaken using Ordnance Survey maps to quantify past shoreline change and to permit extrapolation of past trends to predict possible future shoreline positions by 2080–2100. Predictions were also made using the Bruun Rule relationship between sea level rise and shoreline response and an integrated method of assessment, Expert Geomorphological Assessment (EGA), which provides a ‘best estimate’ of future coastline change, taking into account such factors as geological constraints, the nature of past, present and future environmental forcing factors, and known coastal process–response relationships. The majority of the 15 systems investigated experienced a net increase in dune area over the last 100–120 years. Only one (Whiteford Burrows) experienced significant net area loss (>5 ha). EGA predictions suggest that several systems are likely to experience significant net loss of dune habitat over the next century, whilst continued net gain is likely to occur for systems where sediment supply rates remain high. Little net change is predicted in some systems. Considering the 15 dune systems together, it is considered unlikely that net dune habitat loss will exceed net gain over the next 100 years provided that there are no major disruptions to sediment supply and natural coastal processes.     

Atmospheric PAH concentrations in fine and coarse particles

Measurements of the urban air concentrations of PAHsassociated with PM2.5-fine and PM10-coarse particles inChicago on the campus of IIT were achieved using a UniversalAir Sampler. Short sampling time (12 hr) and high flowrates were used to measure the PAH concentrations in fineand coarse particles. Measured ambient concentrations ofPAHs were classified based on wind direction and backtrajectory calculations as Land and Lake samples.Differences in ambient concentrations of PAHs were observedbetween Land and Lake samples. Fine particle concentrationsvaried from 9.5 to 25.7 ng m^-3 and averaged18.2 ng m^-3 for the Land samples, while they ranged from4.2 to 31.5 ng m^-3 and averaged 13.4 ng m^-3 for the Lake samples. The measured PAH concentrationsin coarse particles varied from 6.2 to 22.1 ng m^-3 and averaged 12.9 ng m^-3 for the Land samples, andthey ranged from 2.4 to 13.0 ng m^-3 with an average value of 7.3 ng m^-3 for the Lake samples. The fine/coarse ratio of each individual PAH compound varied between1.3 and 2.7 for the Land samples; it varied between 1.6 and 4.2 for the Lake samples. There was an increase in the fine/coarse ratio of PAH as molecular weight of the compound increases for both Land and Lake samples.