羟胺强化Fenton反应降解水中氯酚

针对传统Fenton体系Fe（Ⅲ）累积和pH适用范围过窄等缺点,采用羟胺（HA）强化的HA-Fenton体系,以对氯苯酚（4-CP）为目标污染物进行降解实验,考察了Fe（Ⅱ）投加量、H2O2投加量、HA投加量和溶液pH等工艺条件对4-CP去除率的影响。实验结果表明：HA-Fenton体系适用于酸性和弱酸性条件,最佳pH范围为3.0~4.0;在溶液pH为3.0、Fe（Ⅱ）投加量为5.0 μmol/L、H2O2投加量为0.4 mmol/L、HA投加量为0.20 mmol/L的最适条件下,反应10 min, 4-CP去除率达64.25 %。     

CAST工艺处理低C/N生活污水的强化脱氮性能

研究了不同运行条件对CAST工艺处理低C/N实际生活污水脱氮性能的影响,并对pH值和ORP的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,传统4 h运行模式下,提高原水C/N比,TN去除效果并无显著提高;对于低C/N生活污水,降低充水比有利于提高出水TN去除率,然而,充水比降至16%时,系统因低负荷运行发生污泥膨胀。在不投加外碳源的情况下,采用分段进水交替A/O运行模式可大幅改善系统脱氮性能,且TN去除率随着交替次数的增多而提高,交替4次平均去除率达87.23%。系统采用实时控制方式运行时,可根据有机物降解、氨氧化及反硝化时pH值和ORP曲线上是否出现拐点,来判断反应系统的曝气以及搅拌时间是否过长、适当或不足。     

污泥膨胀状态下原生动物群落结构分析

系统研究了丝状菌膨胀与非丝状菌膨胀2种典型污泥状态下原生动物的群落结构特征及其演变规律。伴随丝状菌的大量增殖,原生动物总量相应减少,匍匐型纤毛虫及有壳类肉足虫数量迅速上升,占据明显的优势地位,典型原生动物为斜管虫（Chilodonella sp.）、小轮毛虫（Trochilia minuta）以及匣壳虫（Centropyxis sp.）;非丝状菌污泥膨胀对原生动物总量及种群结构影响较小,伴随粘性菌胶团的大量出现,各功能类群的比例变化较小,但原生动物总量持续增加,其中菌食性纤毛虫呈线性增加,典型原生动物为钟虫（Vorticella sp.）。     

微波活化制备麻疯树果壳活性炭研究

实验采用微波法制备麻疯树果壳活性炭,以磷酸为活化剂,在800W固定微波功率下,辐照时间和活化剂的浓度是主要影响因素。最佳条件为辐照时间8min,磷酸浓度40%。最佳条件下制得的果壳炭碘值达704.4mg/g。测得该果壳炭比表面积为651.6m2/g,总孔容达0.49mL/g,孔结构以1～10nm孔径为主,达到商业活性炭的标准。表面官能团以含O官能团和含C官能团为主,其中C-C类和C-O类官能团含量较高。     

The fungal colonisation of rock-art caves: experimental evidence

The conservation of rock-art paintings in European caves is a matter of increasing interest. This derives from the bacterial colonisation of Altamira Cave, Spain and the recent fungal outbreak of Lascaux Cave, France—both included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Here, we show direct evidence of a fungal colonisation of rock tablets in a testing system exposed in Altamira Cave. After 2 months, the tablets, previously sterilised, were heavily colonised by fungi and bacteria. Most fungi isolated were labelled as entomopathogens, while the bacteria were those regularly identified in the cave. Rock colonisation was probably promoted by the dissolved organic carbon supplied with the dripping and condensation waters and favoured by the displacement of aerosols towards the interior of the cave, which contributed to the dissemination of microorganisms. The role of arthropods in the dispersal of spores may also help in understanding fungal colonisation. This study evidences the fragility of rock-art caves and demonstrates that microorganisms can easily colonise bare rocks and materials introduced into the cavity.     

The liver but not the skin is the site for conversion of a red carotenoid in a passerine bird

Carotenoids may provide numerous health benefits and are also responsible for the integumentary coloration of many bird species. Despite their importance, many aspects of their metabolism are still poorly known, and even basic issues such as the anatomical sites of conversion remain controversial. Recent studies suggest that the transformation of carotenoid pigments takes place directly in the follicles during feather growth, even though the liver has been previously recognised as a storing organ for these pigments with a certain potential for conversion. In this context, we analysed the carotenoid profile of plasma, liver, skin and feathers of male Common Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra). Interestingly, the derivative feather pigment 3-hydroxy-echinenone was detected in the liver and in the bloodstream (i.e. the necessary vehicle to transport metabolites to colourful peripheral tissues). Our results demonstrate for the first time with empirical data that the liver may act as the main site for the synthesis of integumentary carotenoids. This finding contradicts previous assumptions and raises the question of possible inter-specific differences in the site of carotenoid conversion in birds.     

节能型焦化污水生物脱氮新工艺的生产性试验研究

采用节能型生物脱氮新工艺对黑龙江某焦化厂的污水处理站进行生产性试验研究,结果表明:处理后出水达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级,并可回用于熄焦。该工艺适合推广应用于焦化污水、垃圾渗滤液、养殖、化肥等高含氮有机污水的处理。     

农业非点源污染田间模型及其应用

非点源污染的负荷定量化研究是控制、评价和管理非点源污染的基础.农业非点源污染负荷估算包括农田排水估算和排水中的污染物浓度预测2个环节.依据水量平衡原理,农田排水应用DRAINMOD模型估算;将农田的施肥和灌溉过程合成作为田间污染物浓度的脉冲输入,农田排水中的污染物浓度变化则视作对应于此脉冲输入的响应过程,而污染物在田间的复杂迁移转化过程以逆高斯概率密度函数隐含表达.以此为基础,构建了农田尺度农业非点源污染负荷估算模型.以青铜峡灌区典型试验区为例,对稻田排水沟中硝态氮(NO_3~--N)和总磷(TP)的负荷过程进行了模拟,结果表明,模型估算结果和实测污染物负荷过程非常接近,Nash-Suttcliffe模拟效率系数分别为0.963和0.945,表明该模型具有较高的可靠性.     

Fenton氧化处理剩余污泥的作用机制

大量集中式城市生活污水处理厂的建设,减轻了水体污染;但是,产生的大量城市污泥的处理处置又成为污水处理面临的另一个瓶颈难题。各种物理、化学、生物等方法被应用于污泥处理,高级氧化技术-Fenton氧化在剩余污泥的处理中逐渐受到研究者的重视。文章重点介绍了Fenton氧化在剩余污泥处理中的作用机制,分析了Fenton氧化处理剩余污泥的主要影响因素;并根据Fenton氧化剩余污泥处理优势,对其今后的应用进行了展望。